2023-2024 Gender-based analysis Plus (GBA Plus)

1.1 Consultation and Accommodation

Program goals: To provide support to federal departments and agencies as they work to fulfill the Crown's legal duty to consult, and where appropriate accommodate, Indigenous Peoples whose asserted or established Aboriginal or treaty rights may be impacted by a federal activity. The program provides capacity support funding and tools to Indigenous partners across regions in Canada. Indigenous representation within the program is determined by each Nation or community, and reflects their own approaches to GBA Plus goals.

Target population: Indigenous Peoples, Federal departments and/or agencies, Federal Provincial-Territorial relationships

Distribution of benefits

• By gender: broadly gender-balanced
• By income level: no significant distributional impacts
• By age group: no significant intergenerational impacts or impacts on generations between youths and seniors

Specific demographic group outcomes: The program assists Indigenous Peoples directly through enhanced capacity support. It aims to produce the following outcomes: decreasing litigation risks related to consultation, ensuring a clearer path to achieving economic development/economic stimulus, advancing reconciliation with Indigenous Peoples, and respecting the Crown's legal obligations related to section 35 Indigenous rights with a view to self-determination. This will benefit Indigenous communities as a whole, including diverse groups of Indigenous peoples.

Key program impacts on gender and diversity: The program supports Indigenous Peoples to determine their political, economic, social, and cultural development.

GBA Plus data collection plan: Being cognizant of the administrative reporting burden on Indigenous partners, performance measurement, and indicators of the program for emerging GBA Plus impacts are encouraged within the existing reporting structure for Indigenous Peoples, but not imposed by CIRNAC. The department continues to look for opportunities to work collaboratively towards the collection of GBA Plus-relevant data, where appropriate, and where Indigenous partners are interested in collaborating on GBA Plus objectives.

Federal officials collect data to ensure this reporting burden is not imposed on Indigenous participants in engagement sessions. The data includes which diverse, grassroots organizations participate in engagement sessions (quantitative, registration lists) and input from these organizations in engagement discussions (qualitative, through engagement participation and written submissions). Gathering information directly from participants is an opportunity to understand their lived experiences and impacts from Crown activities from their lens. All the data is collected in engagement records, engagement summaries, and the 'what we learned report'. This data will be further analyzed to develop content guidelines, which will also undergo engagement in 2025.

Regional distribution and distinctions of the Indigenous communities engaged for the purposes of the Aboriginal and Treaty Rights Information System (ATRIS) co-development is collected. This data was tracked in 2023-24 and will be used to identify trends in the distribution of co-development across regions and distinctions moving forward. These trends will be used in Performance Information Profiles and to identify possible areas for improvement in the approaches used to invite communities to co-develop their ATRIS profiles. Data regarding the specific identity factors of the individuals with which the team engages (e.g. gender, age, ability, etc.) is not collected due to privacy and relationship concerns associated with asking partners for this information.

Data also is gathered from Indigenous partners year end reporting on this program and by carrying out the various implementation and review processes that may be contained within a Consultation Protocol that was co-developed (for example, routine planned implementation reviews and engagement forum and committees discussions, feedback required on how many consultations occurred through the Protocol and the opinion of the Indigenous Group in whether they determined that consultation and engagement processes occurred in a more streamlined and respectful manner). Additionally, data is gathered from the discussions and information shared by our Indigenous Partners at the Annual National Workshops on the Development and Implementation of Consultation and Accommodation Protocols and Resource Centres in Indigenous Consultation and summaries of those discussions which can be found in an official event report. Further, requests for advice submitted through the single-window team is also captured. CIRNAC also tracks the number of consultation protocols in place and resource centres in existence by region/distinction/type of Indigenous government and other program assessment factors to determine whether funding decisions are being made equitably and transparently.

The program is designed to track a number of metrics linked to performance measurement, including the percentage of major projects undergoing impact assessment supported through advice.

1.2 First Nation Jurisdiction over Land and Fiscal Management

Program Goals: The program contributes to the development of strong First Nations governance and capacity and provides them with options to exercise jurisdiction, control and management over their own affairs and resources and pursue economic development activities.

Target population: Indigenous people

Distribution of Benefits:

• By gender: 60% to 79% women
• By income level: somewhat benefits low income individuals (somewhat progressive)
• By age group: no significant intergenerational impacts or impacts on generations between youths and seniors

Specific demographic group outcomes: The Program has been focused on supporting First Nations exercise jurisdiction over land and fiscal management outside of the Indian Act. This focus has limited participation from self-governing and modern treaty First Nations, and Indigenous organization providing services to First Nation communities. The expanded mandates of the First Nations Tax Commission and the First Nations Financial Management Board and the wide client-base of the First Nations Infrastructure Institute granted through Bill C-45 in June 2023, will enable self-governing First Nations and Indigenous organizations to leverage the supports and tools of the First Nations Fiscal Management Act, which will help broaden further the positive impacts of the regime on First Nations communities.

The program works directly with the land management organizations (Lands Advisory Board and the First Nations Land Management Resource Centre) and the fiscal institutions (the First Nations Financial Management Board, the First Nations Tax Commission, the First Nations Finance Authority and the First Nations Infrastructure Institute) and other federal Departments (e.g. Indigenous Services Canada) on ways to continue to improve the supports, tools and powers available to First Nations under the 2 regimes, and increase First Nations participation.

Other key Program impacts on gender and diversity: Overall, participation in opt-in agreements, such as the First Nations Fiscal Management Act and the Framework Agreement on First Nation Land Management, on community well-being is associated with improvements in the areas of educational attainment, employment, income and housing, which in turn indirectly benefits vulnerable population groups, such as women, Elders, youth, people with disabilities and 2SLGBTQQIA+ people.

GBA Plus data collection plan: CIRNAC collects data and can report on distinctions, geographical location (Province/Territory, urban/remote), and population sizes for this program. As First Nations-led independent institutions, the First Nations Financial Management Board, the First Nations Tax Commission, the First Nations Finance Authority, and the First Nations Infrastructure Institute are responsible for data collection in relation to the delivery of their services, based on what information they deem necessary to ensure efficient support to First Nation governments and organizations. As such, they can collect data to support GBA Plus analysis, in a complementary fashion to what Canada is collecting through the program, should they choose to.

1.3 Indian Residential Schools Settlement Agreement

The program supports the implementation of the Indian Residential School Settlement Agreement. It is accessible equally to male and female applicants, and data is collected on components of implementing the Agreement. The program includes secure, protected and confidential data collected from recipients, and adheres to all necessary legal obligations and privacy protocols. Therefore, it does not publicly report on compensation recipient gender identification. Gender-based considerations are incorporated into policy guidance for program and service delivery.

1.4 Indigenous Engagement and Capacity Support

Program Goals: This new program groups departmental activities that support the capacity of Indigenous organizations to operate in a sustainable manner, their ability to effectively identify and represent the needs and priorities of their respective memberships, and to engage with the federal government to advance policy and program positions that address their priorities. These organizations may represent First Nations (Status, Non-Status, On-Reserve and Off-Reserve), Métis, or Inuit communities, as well as Indigenous women, 2SLGBTQQIA+ people, youth and other traditionally under-represented Indigenous people. Program goals are advanced through funding support to Indigenous organizations as well as through the implementation of various Crown-Indigenous relationship agreements. These activities aim to facilitate Indigenous organizational capacity and engagement, to ensure Indigenous voices and priorities are reflected in program and policy direction.

Target population: Indigenous Band, Tribal Council, Nation and/or Alliance, Indigenous People, Federal departments and/or agencies

Distribution of Benefits:

• By gender: 60% to 79% women
• By income level: Somewhat benefits low income individuals (Somewhat progressive)
• By age group: no significant intergenerational impacts or impacts on generations between youths and seniors

Specific demographic group outcomes: For the initiative Supporting Indigenous women's and 2SLGBTQI+ demographic groups that benefit directly from the funding of Indigenous women's and 2SLGBTQI+ organizations include Indigenous women, girls and two-spirit, lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer, questioning, intersex and asexual (2SLGBTQQIA+) people.

Key program impacts on gender and diversity: Considering this is a new program, some of the impacts are that Indigenous women's and 2SLGBTQI+ organizations have an increased ability to engage with their membership and government. Also, federal departments and agencies have access to culturally-competent GBA Plus toolkits and guidance developed by Indigenous women and 2SLGBTQI+ people across the country.

Supplementary Information Sources:

• Native Women's Association of Canada: Culturally Relevant Gender-Based Analysis: A Roadmap for Policy Development (PDF)
• Les Femmes Michif Otipemisiwak: Métis-Specific Gender Based Analysis Plus Tool
• Pauktuutit: Inuit-Specific GBA Plus Framework

GBA Plus data collection plan: Considering that this a new program, the data collection for the initiative Supporting Indigenous women's and 2SLGBTQI+ in 2022-23 includes the following:

• To enhance access to qualitative data to assess program impact, the department developed an verbal reporting option to test with recipients that complemented the standardized quantitative data collection instruments and financial reports. Verbal reports provided the opportunity for recipients to provide information about the impact of the funding of the project within the organization and in the community. This initial activity informed the development of an verbal reporting pilot project in 2023-24.
• The department developed program specific terms and conditions for the Supporting Indigenous Women's and 2SLGBTQI+ Program. This included the development of a program application, reporting templates to collect both quantitative and qualitative data to measure the impact of funding, activities and outcomes, including disaggregated data (demographic, gender/identity, geography etc.). The program will begin using the new terms and conditions in the fall of 2025 with the launch of a national call for proposals for projects that will begin in April 2026.

1.5 Indigenous-led Services

Program Goals: This new program groups departmental activities supporting Indigenous organizations in delivering services to Indigenous individuals and communities in support of Canada's response to the Truth and Reconciliation Commission Calls to Action, the United Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples, and the Missing and Murdered Indigenous Women and Girls (MMIWG) Calls to Justice. Proposal-based or distinctions-based funding is allocated to Indigenous organizations to deliver a range of services such as housing infrastructure and programming, youth leadership development, cultural programming, and wellness and healing services to MMIWG and 2SLGBTQQIA+ survivors and their families. This funding aims to enhance Métis, Inuit and First Nation peoples' access to culturally-competent and Indigenous-led services, with the ultimate departmental goals of recognizing and resolving past injustices and supporting Indigenous Peoples' strengthened socio-economic conditions and well-being.

The program supports Indigenous organizations in delivering services to all 3 Indigenous distinctions: First Nations (on- and off-reserve), Inuit (in Inuit Nunangat and in urban/southern areas) and Métis (represented by 5 Métis Governments). The Program also supports Indigenous organizations in delivering services to Indigenous women, girls, 2SLGBTQQIA+ individuals as well as Indigenous youth. The program allows a more precise articulation of the intended results of these services, which are primarily to advance the socio-economic conditions and well-being of Indigenous peoples and communities.

Target population: Indigenous Peoples

Distribution of Benefits:

• By gender: broadly gender-balanced
• By income level: strongly benefits low income individuals (Strongly progressive)
• By age group: no significant intergenerational impacts or impacts on generations between youths and seniors

Specific demographic group outcomes: The demographic groups that benefit from the Indigenous-led Services Program are all 3 Indigenous distinctions: First Nations (on- and off-reserve), Inuit (in Inuit Nunangat and in urban/southern areas) and Métis (represented by 5 Métis Governments). The Program also supports Indigenous organizations in delivering services to Indigenous women, girls, 2SLGBTQQIA+ individuals as well as Indigenous youth. For example:

• Through the Support for the Wellbeing of Families and Survivors of Missing and Murdered Indigenous Women, Girls and 2SLGBTQQIA+ People, the Program provides funding to Indigenous organizations to provide services to Indigenous women and girls as well as 2SLGBTQQIA+ individuals, both in rural and urban communities.
• The services delivered by the Qikiqtani Inuit Association are typically accessible to all community members in the 13 communities (approximately 15,000 Inuit as of 2021) that make up the Qikiqtani region of Nunavut.
• Through the Call to Action 66 - Youth initiatives, the Program supports Indigenous organizations to provide services to Indigenous youth in urban communities.
• Through the Métis Housing Strategy, the Program helps to reduce gaps in access to critical housing and infrastructure to improve socio-economic outcomes and address barriers to developing local economies.

Barriers include but are not limited to: geographic location, economic situation, age group, gender disparities, intergenerational trauma, and level of education.

Other key Program impacts on gender and diversity: Some of the initiatives under the program have taken into consideration GBA Plus:

• The Inuit Counselling in the South initiative was designed to improve quality of life for Inuit people in urban environments by offering services through an Inuit Centre, to assist with cultural, social and adjustment needs for Inuit living in the south.
• When the Inuit Art Foundation initiative was first developed the terms and conditions were designed to improve the quality of life for northerners, reduce gaps in social outcomes, reduce incidence of severe socio-economic problems, and increasing capacity for improved quality of life in the north for northerners and for relocated Inuit. The Inuit Counselling in the South programs provided to reduce the incidence of severe socio-economic problems that may arise due to relocation and assist with building capacity for relocated Inuit.
• The Nanilavut initiative was developed to address the colonial wrong doings of separating family members from their families to seek out care in the south for tuberculosis instead of providing them with the means for optimal care within their geographical area.

However, while gender equality and gender equity are Charter rights and indeed fundamental human rights, so is Indigenous self-determination. This can create potential for tension should a self-determining Indigenous group choose not to—or be unable to—conduct GBA Plus or choose its own approaches in this regard. Respecting self-determination requires a balance-of-rights approach rather than an imposition with respect to Indigenous governments. As a result, CIRNAC's approach is to not unilaterally impose GBA Plus requirements on our partners for their housing and infrastructure initiatives supported by distinctions-based investments.

As this initiative is being delivered in a self-determined manner by the Qikiqtani Inuit Association, gender-specific design and delivery considerations are being implemented directly by the organization in a manner that meets needs determined by Inuit themselves. It is completely Indigenous-led. The targeted audience for programming is Inuit who are from the Qikiqtani Region within Nunavut, approximately 15,000 people. All genders, age groups and demographics are included within the programming administered by the Qikiqtani Inuit Association. The funding accessed through this submission will support the Qikiqtani Inuit Association in developing and delivering programming that responds to the recommendations of the Qikiqtani Truth Commission's Final Report, including reclamation of traditional practices, empowering youth, and supporting the healing of Elders.

Supplementary Information Sources: MMIWG 2023-24 Federal Pathway Annual Progress Report

GBA Plus data collection plan: Considering that this is a new program, data collection for all of the key initiatives are not at the same stage and will be considered in the future development of the program. As such, the program will be:

• Adding data collection for GBA Plus considerations for Call to Action 66 implementation in 2024-25.
• Collecting data via the Inuit Art foundation to provide more details and determine if the program is improving the quality of life for northerners, reducing the gaps in social outcomes through data referencing the programs that are being delivered. It will also showcase the increased capacity and reduced the socio-economic issues through the education and profile database data.
• Collecting data via Inuit Counselling in the South to provide more details and determine how many communities are benefiting from the services provided, as well the number of clients that are supported annually.
• Collecting data via Nanilavut to provide more information on how many activities took place as well as the number of individuals or families that have been assisted in finding their lost loved ones.

However, there is limited GBA Plus capacity for many of the distinctions-based self-determining Indigenous governments. Notwithstanding the many data gaps, several indicative trends are observable in data. Partners are asked to take into account GBA Plus and data collection for housing and infrastructure investments. Still, given the significant data gaps, and the importance of co-developing culturally competent, distinctions-based GBA Plus data collection and results measurement approaches that respond to the unique needs of the different groups, it is premature to commit to specific GBA Plus indicators or data collection at this time.

In order to develop and improve future data collection and analysis for the Indigenous-led Services, CIRNAC is encouraging its Indigenous partners to consider and track GBA Plus data. For example, for the recently launched Urban, Rural and Northern Indigenous Housing Strategy, CIRNAC is encouraging Métis partners to consider and track of GBA Plus data in housing projects, where possible.

1.6 Management and Implementation of Agreements and Treaties

Program Goals: The program aims to create, foster, and maintain ongoing relationships to support the fulfilment of Canada's legal obligations and objectives pursuant to modern treaties, self-government agreements and other constructive arrangements including the rights and interests of Indigenous Peoples. It supports Indigenous governments, organizations, and communities in articulating their interests, participating in economic activities, and managing and developing land and resources. The program demonstrates the importance of agreements and related partnerships between the Crown and Indigenous Peoples by honouring Canada's obligations as set out in modern treaties and self-government agreements, and by improving collaboration between Canada and Indigenous Peoples, particularly between Canada and modern treaties and self-government agreement holders.

Target population: Indigenous Peoples (the program targets modern treaty, self-government and other constructive arrangement partners whose members, citizens and beneficiaries are First Nations, Inuit and Métis, across Canada)

Distribution of Benefits:

• By gender: Broadly gender-balanced
• By income level: no significant distribution impacts
• By age: no significant intergenerational impacts or impacts on generations between youth and seniors.

Specific demographic group outcomes: The purpose of the program is not to dictate the needs of Indigenous partners but to support them in making decisions for their communities within their modern treaty, self-government agreements and other constructive arrangements. The intent is to narrow the gaps in social well-being between Indigenous Peoples who are member or beneficiaries of the treaties, agreements and other arrangements. Through their programs, partners also support marginalized and vulnerable groups, such as, but not limited to Indigenous women and girls, 2SLGBTQI+ and Indigenous youth.

Key program impacts on gender and diversity: The program currently transfers funds to modern treaty, self-government agreements and other constructive arrangements partners of all distinctions groups. While there is no population data specific from all members and beneficiaries of our partners, the 2021 Census provides statistics for Indigenous Peoples living in Canada, which may be used to understand the key program impacts on gender and diversity better. The Census revealed that the Indigenous population grew by 9.4% from 2016 to 2021, surpassing the growth of the non-Indigenous population over the same period (+5.3%). Similar to the general population, each distinction group were represented by women by 50-52%. We also learned that Indigenous populations are the youngest in Canada, with 41.2% of Indigenous People being under the age of 25 compared to 27.3% of non-Indigenous people. Additionally, a higher percentage of Indigenous Peoples live in remote areas than non-Indigenous Peoples. In 2017-2020, 68.0% of Inuit lived in remote or very remote areas compared to 13.5% of First Nations people, 10.5% of Métis, and 3.3% of non-Indigenous people. Overall, the beneficiaries of this Program are a fast-growing, young, and diverse population across the country.

Other key Program impacts on gender and diversity: The program transfers over $2 billion to partners who have the authority to invest these funds in their communities and for their citizens how they deem fit. This enables them to address socio-economic gaps – the disparities in social well-being outcomes – such as health, housing, income and education, between Indigenous and non-Indigenous populations in Canada, resulting in partners focusing on a large variety of programs. Some target men and women alike through programs such as Indigenous health care and social support for which Indigenous partners can set their own priorities, administer their budgets and manage their own resources.

Through the program, partners identify specific needs, which may result in the prioritization of gender-specific projects, for instance investing in new or existing women's shelters and community programming responding to their community needs. Other projects may target a more specific population, such as a specific age group, for specific distinctions groups and within specific regions. In 2023-24, the program managed and implemented 9 Sectoral Education Agreements for First Nations youth in British Columbia, Ontario, and Nova Scotia, leading to positive changes for the students. For example, the Mi'kmaq First Nations took control of their education system in 1998, and since then, the percentage of students graduating has increased from 30% to at least 90%.

Additionally, the program works with other federal departments to transfer federal investments and programming such as: Indigenous Languages, Family Violence Prevention, Adult Education and Early Learning and Child Care. These transfers expand the ability of Indigenous partners to determine their investments to specifically respond to their community needs. Finally, the program supports modern treaty, self-government and other constructive arrangement partners with the ultimate goal of empowering Indigenous Peoples to control their political, economic, social, and cultural development, as well as enhancing their socio-economic conditions and overall well-being.

GBA Plus data collection plan: In 2023-24, the program initiated the development of a GBA Plus data collection plan, which will be implemented in 2024-25. The plan will enable the collection of various data on most of its program indicators in the Performance Information Profile every year. These will include details on our modern treaty, self-government and other constructive arrangement partners, such as their distinctions group (First Nations, Inuit, Métis) and location (Province, Territory, over the 60-degree parallel). The Program will gather Indigenous and non-Indigenous sourced qualitative information and analysis to support evidence-based decision-making. Additionally, the program will continue to engage with partners who, through the Collaborative Self-Government Fiscal Development Process, aim to develop data tool kits, which may eventually be used to provide more in-depth GBA Plus analysis of the impact of the Program on Indigenous women, men, 2SLGBTQI+, Elders and youth, to name a few.

1.7 Negotiations of Treaties, Self-Government Agreements and other Constructive Arrangements

Program goals: This program supports Canada's commitment to the negotiation of treaties, self-government agreements and other constructive arrangements to reconcile Indigenous rights with the sovereignty of the Crown. The intent is to co-create an enabling environment where Indigenous groups can exercise their right to self-determination and improve the political, cultural and socioeconomic conditions within their communities. GBA Plus principles are reflected in the negotiation process in various ways, for example: the Parties may identify ways to ensure that the process is community-led through an inclusive and accessible community outreach campaign and ratification, with a particular focus on women, youth and other socially vulnerable groups, such as persons with disabilities and 2SLGBTQI+ individuals, and includes consideration of optimal times, places, persons and methods to deliver information to different subgroups. Further, considerations may be given to how a provision proposed for a treaty or self-government agreement would impact individuals based on the intersection of various identity characteristics including gender, sexual orientation, age, educational attainment, family and socioeconomic status, etc. Once an agreement has been concluded, Indigenous groups have the sole authority to allocate the associated funding. This way, Indigenous groups are able to allocate funding towards their own self-determined priorities. They are encouraged to apply GBA Plus principles, but it is not a requirement in the agreements.

Target population: All Indigenous groups in negotiations with the Government of Canada, Provincial & Territorial governments, Indigenous Band, Tribal Council, Nation and/or Alliance

Distribution of benefits

• By gender: broadly gender-balanced (48.6% men; 51.4% women)
• By income level: no significant distributional impacts
• By age group: no significant intergenerational impacts or impacts on generations between youths and seniors

Specific demographic group outcomes: Broadly speaking the negotiation of treaties and self-government agreements are anticipated to help to close socioeconomic gaps between Indigenous and non-Indigenous people. Some research^{Footnote 1} has shown that Indigenous groups with modern treaties, have, on average, higher community well-being (with respect to education, labour force activity, income, and housing) compared to those without modern treaties. In addition, Indigenous women, girls, and 2SLGBTQI+ people face gender-based barriers to participate in the exercise of Indigenous self-government, stemming from past and present discriminatory provisions in colonial policies and legislation, such as the identity and status provisions of the Indian Act which stripped many Indigenous women and youth of their cultural identities. As a result, they are often excluded from governance processes and decisions. The negotiation of treaties and self-government agreements may help to reconcile this exclusion of people that face gender-based barriers. Modern treaties, for example, are correlated with increased rates of gender equality of leadership compared to Indian Act bands.

Key program impacts on gender and diversity: Canada will continue to ensure that underrepresented groups have a voice in the engagement and co-development of policies, and will encourage diverse perspectives at negotiation tables where appropriate. CIRNAC recognizes that there are opportunities during the negotiation and ratification of an agreement to promote GBA Plus principles. For example, considering that marginalized and vulnerable groups can often be missed in voting and information dissemination activities, the department will work with Indigenous partners to co-develop an engagement and ratification strategy that applies a GBA Plus lens to ensure full accessibility. This includes developing a flexible strategy for engagement sessions to ensure they are held at optimal times and places, including appropriate methods of delivering information to different sub-groups, and a flexible engagement and ratification strategy that allows for the participation of all community members.

Supplementary Information Sources:

GBA Plus data collection plan: Impacts on Indigenous men, women, youth, Elders, 2SLGBTQI+ people, persons with disabilities, persons of various family and socioeconomic status, and additional diversity groups are possible but yet to be established. The requirement to collect disaggregated data relating to 2SLGBTQI+ people has been discussed and included in the MMIWG National Action Plan Data Strategy.

1.8 Other Claims

Program Goals: CIRNAC has the primary responsibility for the implementation of the Indigenous Childhood Claims Litigation strategy, as well ensuring that Canada's obligations under the Indian Residential Schools Settlement Agreement (IRSSA) are met. In meeting these objectives, Canada works with partners to ensure that class members, their communities, their families, and those intergenerationally impacted will be able to participate. This includes those who are marginalized due to an intersection, or intersections of identity factors (e.g. 2SLGBTQQIA+, remoteness, disability, family status, location outside of community, etc.) will be able to participate in the various elements of the proposed initiative.

Target population: All Indigenous individuals and/or groups engaged in litigation with various parties, including Canada, involving Indigenous Childhood Claims.

Distribution of Benefits:

• By gender: broadly gender-balanced
• By income level: no significant distributional impacts
• By age group: no significant intergenerational impacts or impacts generation between youth and seniors

Specific demographic group outcomes: Demographic groups impacted are claim-specific. All claims involve Indigenous individuals and/or groups, yet different cross-sections of the population. As such, any impacts and barriers are assessed on a case-by-case basis.

Other key Program impacts on gender and diversity: Not available

GBA Plus data collection plan: As settlements are implemented by an independent third party, data collection of this nature is not available. Further, it is unlikely that survivors, their counsel or the courts would agree/approve sharing of this information given the sensitive and confidential nature of the claims.

1.9 Residential Schools Legacy

Program Goals: The program funding supports Indigenous community-led initiatives to locate, document, commemorate, and memorialize unmarked burial sites as well as to honour families' wishes to bring children's remains home. In 2023-24, several goals have been achieved to address the legacy of residential schools, including expanding eligibility of community support funding, putting in place 37 new funding agreements, and providing additional funding to existing recipients to support community efforts in response to Calls to Action 72 to 76. The GBA Plus outcome is that partners and communities have timely access to information to plan and implement Calls to Action 72 to 76 initiatives, successfully secure funding to plan and implement Calls to Action 72 to 76 activities, and implement initiatives to locate, document, and commemorate/memorialize missing children and burial sites associated with former residential schools.

Target population: First Nations, Inuit and Métis Peoples

Specifically, the focus for GBA Plus considerations is on residential school survivors, their communities and families, including those intergenerationally impacted and who could be marginalized due to an intersection of multiple compounding factors. The survivor community is a large and diverse cross-section of the Indigenous population, comprised of women, men, and gender-diverse people, including individuals from all distinction groups and regions, residing both on- and off-reserve, and in urban and remote communities.

Distribution of benefits:

• By gender: broadly gender-balanced
• By income level: somewhat benefits low income individuals (somewhat progressive)
• By age group: primarily benefits youth, children and/or future generations

Specific demographic group outcomes:

• First Nations, Inuit and Métis Peoples may benefit directly and indirectly.
• Residential school survivors, their communities and families, including those intergenerationally impacted, may benefit directly.

Key program impacts on gender and diversity: While there is presently no data available to determine the impacts through an intersectional lens, existing research indicates that women and 2SLGBTQQIA+ survivors are more likely to face barriers to access and participation. Age is another important consideration that may be a barrier or impede participation, since residential school survivors are an aging population, with the majority being over the age of 65.

Other key Program impacts: Disaggregated data is not available to track benefits of new funding agreements to particular populations. Increasing data collection could inadvertently negatively impact partners, small communities, and organizations and be perceived as an additional burden. These organizations often rely on volunteers to organize events and may reconsider applying for funding should the process become too complex. Reporting requirements are limited. While recipients are required to report on the number of participants reached by an activity or initiative, they are not obliged to track intersectional identity factors of participants.

GBA Plus data collection plan: Limited disaggregated data and existing challenges with measurement and the quality of available data means that measuring progress needs to be considered against the need for meaningful reporting. In order to address GBA Plus challenges (such as capacity challenges, small population challenges, absence of identifiers for all Indigenous identity groups, including for 2SLGBTQQIA+ people, inconsistent data collection methods, and low rates of participation of key groups in survey instruments) there is significant work underway by the Government of Canada and its partners in key areas, some of which is being leveraged. The use of program data can enhance the understanding of results and impacts. CIRNAC will be collecting enhanced data on program recipients, as part of their regular reporting exercises during the program duration, that may contribute to better understanding the impacts through a GBA Plus lens.

1.10 Specific Claims

Program Goals: Specific claims are past grievances made by a First Nation against the federal government which relate to the administration of land and other First Nation assets and to the fulfilment of historic treaties and other agreements. The Specific Claims process provides an alternative dispute resolution process specifically for First Nations. CIRNAC is considering the best approach to gather disaggregated data related to specific claims for the purpose of intersectional analysis while ensuring Indigenous data sovereignty.

Target population: First Nations

Distribution of Benefits:

• By gender: broadly gender-balanced
• By income level: somewhat benefits low income individuals (somewhat progressive)
• By age group: primarily benefits youth, children and/or future generations

Specific demographic group outcomes: all men, women and gender diverse members of First Nations

Other key Program impacts on gender and diversity: Canada is currently working on re-designing the Specific Claims process, and updating its policy for resolving historic wrong-doings and will make sure that GBA Plus considerations are included in the process.

Supplementary Information Sources: Assessing the Net Effects of Specific Claims Settlements in First Nations Communities in the Context of Community Well-being, Jerry White, Nicholas Spence, and Paul Maxim, Aboriginal Policy Research Consortium International, University of Western Ontario, January 2008.

GBA Plus data collection plan: Since 2022, efforts are underway to reform the Program in co-development with the Assembly of First Nations (AFN), including the development of options for a Centre for the Resolution of Specific Claims, to address longstanding concerns by First Nations around the process' fairness. As an interim, the Performance Information Profile has been updated to clarify the Program's results story, strengthen its performance indicators, align them with recently reported results, and respond to a recent evaluation of the Program.

Although there is no current tracking or data collection at negotiation tables, discussions are taking place to help determine what approach to gather disaggregated data for the purpose of intersectional analysis is most appropriate while ensuring Indigenous data sovereignty is taken into consideration. Federal negotiators practice inclusive communication, and are mindful that colonial and patriarchal structures, as well as rhetoric, may impact the type and subject matters of negotiations. Canada will continue to ensure that underrepresented groups have a voice by engaging with right's holders and co-developing policy and process reform with First Nations partners.

2.1 Canadian High Arctic Research Station

Program goals: The Canadian High Arctic Research Station Act, which came into force on June 1, 2015, established Polar Knowledge Canada, a federal research organization that combines the mandate and functions of the Canadian Polar Commission and the Canadian High Arctic Research Station (CHARS) program. The organization is responsible for advancing Canada's knowledge of the Arctic and strengthening Canadian leadership in polar science and technology. The administration of CHARS was transferred to Polar Knowledge Canada in March 2023.

Target population: Northern communities and scientific researchers as well as groups involved in the construction of CHARS in Cambridge Bay, Nunavut.

Distribution of benefits

• By gender: predominantly men (80% or more men)
• By income level: somewhat benefits low income individuals (somewhat progressive)
• By age group: no significant intergenerational impacts or impacts on generations between youths and seniors

Specific demographic group outcomes: Construction of the CHARS campus directly benefited workers in construction and engineering. Workers include both lower-educated and higher-educated individuals. The original construction project particularly benefited men with a low to moderate degree of education. Some Nunavut Inuit-targeted technical and manual skilled positions, including carpentry, mechanical and electrical trades that favoured Inuit men.

Key program impacts on gender and diversity: Not available

GBA Plus data collection plan: CIRNAC has transferred custodianship of the CHARS to Polar Knowledge Canada and will no longer collect data on the target population in support of departmental results. Polar Knowledge Canada will be responsible for ongoing monitoring and evaluation of CHARS research programs and operations.

2.2 Climate Change Adaptation and Clean Energy

Program goals: To provide programming to support Indigenous and Northern communities, organizations, and Peoples to help monitor and adapt to a changing climate, while also working to mitigate emissions through diesel reduction initiatives. The program takes a collaborative and capacity building approach, working with governments, communities, and Indigenous organizations to first identify priorities and then provide direct funding support to: monitor, collect and develop climate data, conduct assessments and plans to identify and address the impacts of climate change, and to plan and construct renewable energy and energy efficiency projects. This work helps communities, governments, and Indigenous organizations with decision-making and the implementation of climate adaptation and mitigation actions, while ensuring that these measures are self-determined and community driven. GBA Plus considerations are applied through a variety of methods to mitigate impacts, for example, including the use of committees that bring the various and diverse voices and opinions of Indigenous Peoples, youth, and women to the table when making funding decisions.

Target population: Indigenous Peoples (First Nations, Inuit and Métis) and Northern communities.

Distribution of benefits

• By gender: 60 to 79% men
• By income level: no significant distributional impacts
• By age group: no significant intergenerational impacts or impacts on generations between youths and seniors

Specific demographic group outcomes: Demographic groups affected by this program include Indigenous Peoples, women, youth, and rural and remote communities. All of these groups stand to benefit directly and indirectly from program activities. Barriers to participating in this program include capacity issues, resulting in communities and organizations being unable to submit program applications and manage projects.

Key program impacts on gender and diversity: The program benefits all distinction-based Indigenous Peoples and communities in Canada. It responds to priorities consistently voiced by Indigenous participants in consultations ongoing since the release of the Pan Canadian Framework on Clean Growth and Climate Change. Indigenous voices have called for "multi-dimensional, interconnected and interrelated solutions" and for "systemic change, grounded in a reconnection to the land"; self-determination in climate action, a call to be viewed not as vulnerable populations but as agents of change with the means and the knowledge and the motivation to shape their collective future. They have also called for approaches grounded in Indigenous ways of knowing, being and doing which has at its heart a unique relationship with the environment which emphasize the reciprocity of humans with the ecologies of which they are a part and a long-term perspective characterized by the 7 grandfather teachings which emphasizes a 7 generation perspective on valuing the benefits of current action. It is important to note that women are disproportionally affected by the impacts of climate change across the world. Women's traditional roles as primary users and managers of natural resources, caregiving, and keeping of the home mean they are involved in and depend on resources that are put most at risk by climate change. Their knowledge and unique experiences in fighting climate change greatly contribute to adaptation actions for communities.

GBA Plus data collection plan: While data gaps limit the ability to fully identify potential negative effects of the proposed activities, the program supports the following data collection activities to capture GBA Plus information:

• The Northern REACHE program monitors the percentage of projects that have taken steps to include culturally-competent GBA Plus measures.
• Initiatives under the program are adding a question to their proposal template regarding what steps the project will take to ensure the activities proposed incorporate the views of various vulnerable groups such as women, gender-diverse people, youth, Elders, 2SLGBTQI+ or people with disabilities. To date, 5 of 6 programs have implemented this question, the programs have been using a distinctions-based approach to apply funding, while also supporting and encouraging communities to submit youth-led and youth targeted projects. Where possible, distinction based data is collected although targets are primarily set as pan-northern or pan-Indigenous.
• Initiatives under the program collect information on a distinction basis, such as distinction type, region/geographic considerations, gender of project lead, and if a project is youth-led or has a youth focus.

2.3 Northern and Arctic Environmental Sustainability

Program goals: To contribute to a healthy and sustainable environment for the benefit of Indigenous Peoples, Northerners and Canadians by sustainable management, monitoring and assessment of land and resources throughout the North. The program ensures that decision making is fully informed by providing science and policy reports and advice informed by scientific and Indigenous knowledge and meaningful engagement, and by co-developing strategic plans to address environmental concerns and impacts. The program ensures efficient and effective monitoring systems in the North by coordinating, generating and managing scientific and environmental data and by publishing results, reports and data.

Target population: Indigenous Peoples and Northern communities

Distribution of benefits

• By gender: broadly gender-balanced
• By income level: somewhat benefits high income individuals based on their availability to obtain access to the information
• By age group: no significant intergenerational impacts or impacts on generations between youths and seniors

Specific demographic group outcomes: Students, workers, higher-educated individuals benefit directly and lower-educated individuals, newcomers or immigrants benefit indirectly.

Key program impacts on gender and diversity: The Northern Participant Funding Program supports Indigenous participation in impact assessments of major projects in the 3 territories. That participation has a bias towards the effects of projects on traditional male land use and activities, to the detriment of looking at the impacts on Indigenous women. Quantitative data is sparse, but there is growing qualitative evidence supporting this difference.

GBA Plus data collection plan: The Northern Participant Funding Program includes a GBA Plus performance indicator that tracks how many recipients incorporated GBA Plus into their funded activities and interventions. At this time, the program has received 16 of 25 activity reports for 2023–24, of which 11 recipients responded with "yes" to indicate that they took steps to incorporate GBA Plus in their work (responding to the question is voluntary). The remaining responded with "not applicable" due to the timeline of the funded project. In addition, administrative data can be used to inform impact assessments, however applicants are not requested to confirm their gender identity when applying to the Northern Contaminants Program. This type of quantitative data would demonstrate the level of support for women in science, however there is currently no plan to collect this information.

2.4 Northern and Arctic Governance and Partnerships

Program goals: This program strengthens northern communities and people by: devolving responsibilities for lands and natural resources to territorial governments; fostering effective intergovernmental relations with territorial and Inuit governments; collaborating with Inuit organizations and providing support to Territorial Commissioners, providing grants for hospital and physician services in Nunavut and the Northwest Territories; and advancing Canadian and northern interests through circumpolar forums such as the international Arctic Council. Canadians and Northerners will benefit from territorial governments ultimately having more control over their own affairs.

Target population: All Northerners, Indigenous and non-Indigenous people in the territories, Provincial and Territorial governments, Indigenous government and partners.

Distribution of benefits

• By gender: broadly gender-balanced
• By income level: no significant distributional impacts
• By age group: no significant intergenerational impacts or impacts on generations between youths and seniors

Specific demographic group outcomes: Devolution is expected to directly benefit all residents of Nunavut, particularly Inuit residents who make up 85% of the population. Devolution transforms land and resource management decision-making from a federal southern-based to a territorial northern-based administration, at par with all other jurisdictions in Canada. Strategies for employment benefits and opportunities resulting from devolution have drawn on lessons learned from government efforts to achieve 85% Inuit representation in public workplaces, where currently Inuit employment is in the 30 to 50% range. As well, educational outcomes in the territory are poor, resulting in a limited pool of qualified Inuit available to hire. A minority of adult Inuit obtain a high school diploma, post-secondary opportunities in the territory are limited. Gendered differences in science-based education and employment outcomes are barriers. The 2016 Census indicates that women in Nunavut are more likely to have a university certificate, diploma or degree at the bachelor level or above, however, males are more likely to have done so in a Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (STEM) field of study. As some post-devolution positions will be more scientific/technical, this gives Inuit men with STEM field degrees an advantage. In addition, community housing shortages impact Inuit employment opportunities and mobility, and choices when being offered a job. Lack of housing and access to affordable and safe living spaces particularly affects women, limiting options for women supporting families or fleeing domestic violence.

Initiatives led by CIRNAC and the Arctic Council Sustainable Development Working Group are targeted towards Indigenous peoples and Northerners. Identifiable barriers to access for Indigenous peoples and Northern participation relate to a lack of connectivity in the North which may limit the virtual participation of Indigenous project partners from remote northern communities. A number of projects, such as the Economy of the North, Gender in the Arctic, and Local 2 Global focus on encouraging participation from diverse gender identities and youth. For groups, a barrier to participation and outcomes are also connectivity issues.

Key program impacts on gender and diversity: To address and mitigate potential barriers to Inuit employment benefits flowing from devolution, the parties co-developed a Transitional Human Resources Development Strategy focused on capacity and skills development for Inuit. The Nunavut Devolution Agreement also provides staff housing supports and investments. Devolution one-time and ongoing funding investments in targeted programs can increase the pool of qualified Inuit labour and further develop the skills and experience of Inuit with existing secondary and post-secondary qualifications. The Transitional Human Resource Development Strategy is built on Inuit social values including: Pilimmaksarniq /Pijariuqsarniq (development of skills through observation, mentoring, practice, and effort); Qanuqtuurniq (being innovative and resourceful); Piliriqatigiinniq /Ikajuqtigiinniq (working together for a common cause); and, Tunngaviqattiarniq (reflecting and establishing a solid foundation).

The Nunavut Devolution Agreement provides ongoing funding for the Government of Nunavut and Nunavut Tunngavik Incorporated to assess the success of the Transitional Human Resource Development Strategy and bilaterally develop a post-devolution strategy to continue encouraging and supporting Inuit education and employment in government. Investments in staff housing, through the construction of new units and leasing of existing privately-owned units, will create an environment where Inuit from across the territory can enjoy greater mobility and take work outside their home communities.

CIRNAC prioritizes in-person participation for the majority of Sustainable Development Working Group project activities, particularly from Indigenous partners who may have limited connectivity. The department is also responsive to diverse Indigenous Peoples and Northerners by prioritizing meaningful engagement and consultation with Indigenous communities, Elders, leaders, and stakeholders across diverse cultural, linguistic, and geographical backgrounds. There is also a need to recognize the dynamic and evolving needs of Indigenous Peoples and Northerners, and as such program design should be flexible and adaptable. This allows for responsive adjustments based on community feedback, changing priorities, emerging issues, and lessons learned.

GBA Plus data collection plan: Not available

2.5 Northern Contaminated Sites

Program goals: The Northern Contaminated Sites Program (NCSP) addresses risks to the environment and human health and safety posed by legacy mining, petroleum, and government military activities dating back over half a century. These activities have resulted in 165 active contaminated sites in the 3 territories, impacting the fragile northern environment and local communities. The program's responsibilities include site assessments, care and maintenance, remediation, and monitoring activities aimed at reducing federal environmental liabilities. Concurrently, the NCSP promotes new socio-economic opportunities for Indigenous Peoples and Northerners through its contaminated sites projects.

Indigenous and northern communities benefit from enhanced access to employment and business opportunities generated by the program, fostering long-term partnerships and capacity building. The NCSP also collects training and employment data, including statistics on northern and Indigenous workforce participation, and adheres to the Treasury Board Secretariat's Direction to Modernize the Government of Canada's Sex and Gender Information Practices. Additionally, the program collects gender-disaggregated data to complete, implement, and monitor GBA Plus considerations.

Target population: Indigenous Peoples and Northerners living in proximity to contaminated sites in Yukon, Northwest Territories and Nunavut

Distribution of benefits: By gender: broadly gender-balanced

Specific demographic group outcomes: The NCSP aims to remediate contaminated sites in Yukon, Northwest Territories and Nunavut directly benefiting Indigenous Peoples and Northerners living nearby. Positive outcomes across various demographic groups are primarily realized by reducing health risks, enhancing community well-being, and boosting economic opportunities through employment and business growth.

Indigenous Peoples, particularly impacted due to their reliance on country foods, stand to gain significantly from the NCSP, which improves food security by eliminating contaminants from local ecosystems. Elderly individuals, vulnerable to health impacts from contaminants, and adults alike will also benefit. Women of child-bearing age will see reduced risks of passing contaminants to newborns through breast milk.

Youth and future generations stand to gain the most in the long-term, with cleaner lands supporting cultural and community health and biodiversity. The program also creates substantial employment opportunities, particularly in STEM and construction fields, benefiting both men and women, though with a greater impact on men due to the industry's gender imbalance.

Indigenous communities benefit from increased accessibility to jobs and business ventures, fostering partnerships and capacity building. However, challenges remain for women's equal access to employment, including barrier such as lack of specific skills, childcare responsibilities, and transportation issues. Similarly, Elders and disabled individuals face hurdles related to the physical demands and mobility challenges present in contaminated site work.

Key program impacts on gender and diversity: The NCSP is responsive to diverse Indigenous Peoples and Northerners by understanding the direct and indirect impacts contaminated sites in the North have on these individuals and ensuring that the remediation of contaminated sites is done in a way that provides socio-economic benefits to affected groups. The program measures the percentage of training hours and person-hours received by Northerners, Indigenous Peoples, women, and Indigenous women, as well as the percentage of expenditures paid through contracts awarded to Indigenous and northern businesses, while working to ensure that these groups benefit most from remediation activities. In addition, all Northern Contaminated Sites Projects are part of the Government-wide procurement directive that has set a minimum of 5% of the value of procurement being awarded to Indigenous businesses; a target that CIRNAC not only achieved but strives to exceed.

GBA Plus data collection plan: The NCSP collects socio-economic data on each of its projects, which include statistics on the number of Indigenous, northern, women and Indigenous women employees, as well as the number of expenditures paid to Indigenous and northern businesses. This data is collected on a quarterly basis and is used to meet a number of internal and external reporting requirements. The program will continue collecting data in a similar manner to track the impacts of our projects on affected sub-groups. The NCSP continues to collect and report socio-economic data, including from contracts issued through Public Services and Procurement Canada on behalf of the Program. In line with the Treasury Board Secretariat's Direction to Modernize the Government of Canada's Sex and Gender Information Practices, the Program collects data disaggregated by gender, Indigenous identity and northern residence for the purposes of completing, implementing, and monitoring GBA Plus considerations.

2.6 Northern Regulatory and Legislative Frameworks

Program Goals: The objective of the program is to support the management, sustainable development and regulatory oversight of the land, water, natural resources, and environment of the North, delivering on the department's role as the Government of Canada's natural resource manager in Nunavut and the northern offshore, and its post-devolution responsibilities in the Northwest Territories and Yukon. Northern regulatory processes are rooted in modern treaties, with the program actively supporting Indigenous knowledge and participation in decision making. Specific responsibilities include:

• managing oil and gas resource development
• supporting the sustainable management of active mineral exploration and development in the remaining department-managed land and water areas in the North
• supporting efficient and effective legislative and regulatory environments that respect and reflect modern treaties

Target population: All Canadians, with a particular focus on First Nations, Inuit, and Métis communities, as well as Northern populations, territorial governments, and stakeholders including the mining and oil and gas exploration industries.

Distribution of benefits

• By gender: broadly gender-balanced
• By income level: no significant distributional impacts
• By age group: no significant intergenerational impacts or impacts on generations between youths and seniors

Specific demographic group outcomes: Target populations affected by this program stand to benefit directly and indirectly from program activities (i.e. the management of renewable and non-renewable resources). Supporting the capacity of Indigenous governments and organizations to participate in resource co-management regimes will benefit all Canadians by creating better informed legislation, regulations, and operations that promote healthy national ecosystems, economies, and societies. Barriers to participating in this program include capacity issues, resulting in communities and organizations being unable to submit comments/recommendations and/or participate in proceedings pertaining to resource management legislation, project applications, etc.

Key program impacts on gender and diversity: According to reports commissioned by organizations representing First Nations, Inuit, and Métis women and underrepresented groups in the North, such as the Liard Aboriginal Women's Society, Native Women's Association of Canada, and the Pauktuutit Inuit Women of Canada, northern resource development has an ongoing legacy of perpetuating harassment, violence, and discrimination against Indigenous women, youth, and the 2SLGBTQI+ community. The program aims to mitigate adverse impacts from development by promoting the sustainable management of northern lands, waters, natural resources and environments. This approach responds to needs identified by partners, including Indigenous governments and organizations, territorial governments, resource management boards, and industry, while respecting structures established by modern treaties. This includes collaborative efforts with partners to identify and advance regulatory and legislative priorities. Examples include the Yukon Environmental and Socio-economic Assessment Act (YESAA) Oversight Group and YESAA Forum in Yukon, the Mackenzie Valley Operational Dialogue in the Northwest Territories, and various board forums across the North.

GBA Plus data collection plan: Research conducted by the program in 2022–23 indicated that the development of an optional GBA Plus reporting question for Contribution Agreements would support GBA Plus and disaggregated data collection moving forward. Partners will have an opportunity to describe any steps they took to ensure Indigenous youth, Elders, women 2SLGBTQI+ people, or members of other underrepresented groups were included meaningfully in work on northern regulatory initiatives undertaken using funding. This is aligned with what the Northern Participant Funding Program began to implement in 2022–23.

In 2023–24, the program began collecting data on what steps Indigenous governments and organizations and Northerners who received funding under the Northern Regulatory Initiative, took to include GBA Plus and intersectional considerations as part of regulatory development activities in the North. Insufficient data provided in previous years contributed to the program's inability to monitor and report on program impacts by gender and diversity effectively. Since a baseline for analysis and evaluation could not be established in 2022, the program will look at proponent considerations for advancing culturally-competent GBA Plus, while respecting the right of Indigenous governments and organizations towards self-determination.

Through reporting under the Northern Regulatory Initiative, this program will track percentage of Indigenous representation at Regulatory Dialogue sessions. This information will help to inform whether Indigenous governments and organizations are being provided sufficient opportunities to meaningfully participate in and engage with resource management practices in the North. Providing opportunities for Indigenous governments and organizations to share their perspectives and knowledge strengthens co-management processes, leading to better decision outcomes for Indigenous peoples who are disproportionately negatively impacted by resource management and mining activities.

2.7 Northern Strategic and Science Policy

Program goals: The objectives of the program are to ensure that Canadians benefit from well-informed northern policy and to position Canada as a leader in integrated policy development. The focus is on supporting Canada's Arctic and northern organizations, individuals, communities, and governments in achieving a strong, inclusive, vibrant, prosperous, and self-sufficient North, as outlined in Canada's Arctic and Northern Policy Framework (ANPF). This involves coordinating federal efforts, providing scientific leadership, and effectively delivering federal programs, alongside fostering strong relationships with Indigenous and territorial partners.

The program's role in implementing the ANPF includes:

• coordinating whole-of-government approaches to Arctic and northern issues
• engaging with Indigenous, territorial and provincial partners
• implementing strategic initiatives (time-limited specific projects) that advance Government of Canada priorities and those of its partners
• participating in federal government initiatives or programs that support the goals and objectives of the ANPF, even if led by other government departments or agencies.

Target population: Indigenous Peoples, Northerners, and provincial and territorial governments

Distribution of benefits

• By gender: broadly gender-balanced
• By income level: somewhat benefits low income individuals (somewhat progressive)
• By age group: no significant intergenerational impacts or impacts on generations between youths and seniors

Specific demographic group outcomes: Although the ANPF is designed primarily to benefit Northerners and Indigenous Peoples who live in the North, it will have benefits for all Canadians. Targeted measures intended to enhance access to northern post-secondary education are available to Northerners, Indigenous Peoples, and all Canadians. It will deliver greatest benefits to Indigenous Peoples both in the North and throughout Canada.

Key program impacts on gender and diversity: The program seeks to inform strong policy analysis, through ongoing discussions with all of its Indigenous and government partners, as well as with community and non-governmental organizations, based on inclusive engagement, best available research and integration of Indigenous knowledge.

ANPF partners have established guiding principles for its co-implementation, emphasizing diversity, equality, and the use of GBA Plus to assess impacts on diverse groups. Focused on closing gaps in healthcare, education, economic prosperity, housing, infrastructure, security, and environmental protection, the ANPF aims for inclusive impact across Arctic and Northern communities.

Other key program impacts: The program provides support for the shared priorities, goals and objectives of Canada's ANPF, specifically for Goal 1: Canadian Arctic and northern Indigenous Peoples are resilient and healthy. Significant disparities exist in health and social development outcomes between Arctic and northern Indigenous Peoples and most other Canadians. Initiatives such as The Task Force on Post-Secondary Education in the North, the Dechinta Centre for Research and Learning, the construction of a science building at Yukon College as it transitions to Yukon University, and support for the transformation of Aurora College into a polytechnic institution aim to reduce these inequalities caused by poor access to education for Arctic and northern Indigenous Peoples.

While the benefits of a new science building at Yukon University are expected to be broadly gender balanced, it is anticipated that support for the Dechinta Centre for Research and Learning will specifically benefit Indigenous women. The Dechinta Centre is renowned for its assistance to single parents, particularly single mothers, by offering integrated child-care and schooling for students' children. In engaging with students, the Dechinta Centre identified a lack of childcare as the primary barrier preventing women from pursuing post-secondary education in the Northwest Territories. Both students and faculty are encouraged to bring their children to Dechinta. Furthermore, the Dechinta Centre is also supportive of the 2SLGBTQI+ community.

Yukon University has incorporated a commitment to advancing reconciliation into its strategic plan for 2022 to 2027. As part of this commitment, the institution will prioritize Indigenous knowledge in its curricula and teaching, leadership styles, and governance. It will also collaborate with First Nations, establish an Indigenous student centre, and address social injustices. An example of the University's support for women and non-binary students is its pre-apprentice welding program designed specifically for women and those who identify as non-binary.

GBA Plus data collection plan: For some initiatives, the ANPF relies on data available through its partners such as territorial governments and post-secondary institutions in the North and the Arctic supported by the post-secondary education program, to assess its progress on gender-based issues. The program utilizes gender and regional aggregated data provided by these partners. Annual reports are collected from institutions like Aurora College, the Dechinta Center for Research and Learning, and Yukon University. Additionally, the program accesses available data from Statistics Canada, including census data aggregated by region, gender, and Indigenous identity. Currently, the program aggregates these data sources to support GBA Plus results. It continues to explore options for integrating GBA Plus into reporting requirements for future funding recipients, where feasible.

2.8 Nutrition North

Program goals: The goal of the program is to improve the accessibility and affordability of market and traditional foods to individuals living in northern isolated communities. Given women's roles as caregivers and their direct involvement in food preparation and caregiving activities within households, the retail food subsidy, which reduces food prices, directly benefits women and other vulnerable groups that may be under their responsibility, such as children and Elders. While the retail subsidy applies broadly, the Harvesters Support Grant and Community Food Programs fund specifically target the most vulnerable groups, ensuring the equitable distribution of food among women, Elders, and children. This is achieved by increasing access to country food through funding support for traditional hunting, harvesting and food sharing activities.

Target population: Indigenous Peoples and Northerners

Distribution of benefits

• By gender: broadly gender-balanced
• By income level: strongly benefits low income individuals (strongly progressive)
• By age group: no significant intergenerational impacts or impacts on generations between youths and seniors

Specific demographic group outcomes: Nutrition North Canada (NNC) programming supports residents of isolated, northern communities who are of Indigenous majority (predominately Inuit and First Nations, with a smaller Métis population). It includes the subsidy Program and Community Food Programs Fund, which aim to increase food accessibility and affordability. The Harvesters Support Grant follows a distinctions-based approach, benefiting communities with harvesting rights. The Research Grant emphasizes collaboration between academic and Indigenous communities. These initiatives aim to address food insecurity among marginalized groups, including Indigenous women, children, lone-parent households, differently abled individuals, and Elders. They are designed to restore traditional food practices, strengthen community ties, and support mental health and physical well-being. The programming aligns with Indigenous self-determination principles and responds to calls for justice concerning Indigenous health, culture, and safety, contributing to broader sustainability goals under international frameworks like the UN Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples and the ANPF.

Key program impacts on gender and diversity: The Harvesters Support Grant and Community Food Programs Fund under NNC prioritize Indigenous self-determination and local decision-making. These programs support the revitalization of traditional governance structures like Elders and Women's Councils, enhancing community leadership and cultural practices. Regular engagement with Indigenous partners through advisory boards ensures diverse perspectives to inform program policies and decisions. The Community Food Programs Fund facilitates community feasts, food preparation classes, and supports local food security initiatives, adapting to climate challenges and fostering inclusive participation. The Women's Council guides program design and funding decisions, ensuring a gender sensitive approach that addresses diverse community needs. Additionally, the Food Security Research Grant promotes Indigenous led research on food security, aiming to fill data gaps and improve policy outcomes. Expansion efforts include supporting small retailers, local growers, and food banks, enhancing access to affordable food and fostering economic opportunities in northern communities.

Supplementary information sources:

• Aboriginal Peoples Survey (2017)
• Final Report on the National Inquiry into Missing and Murdered Indigenous Women and Girls (2019)
• Canadian Community Health Survey, 2014, 2015–16
• Nutrition North Canada Engagement 2016, Final report on what we heard
• Pauktuutit – Inuit Women of Canada, Food Mail Review, Inuit Gender-Based Analysis
• Council of Canadian Academies | CCA | Aboriginal Food Security in Northern Canada: An Assessment of the State of Knowledge
• Lemke, S., & Delormier, T. 2017. Indigenous Peoples' food systems, nutrition, and gender: Conceptual and methodological considerations. Maternal & child nutrition, 13(3)

GBA Plus data collection plan: In 2023–24 NNC hosted regular engagement sessions with the NNC Advisory Board, NNC Indigenous Working Group, and Inuit Crown Food Security working group. These co-development sessions support and strengthen the delivery of NNC programming including through culturally-appropriate, locally-led solutions, that supports the most vulnerable and food insecure. This work centers on women's participation to amplify their role as keepers of communities and traditions.

The program receives recipient progress reports on harvesting and food sharing activities that are directly supported by NNC's Harvesters Support Grant. These reports provide a qualitative lens as to how Grant initiatives are benefitting vulnerable groups, such as women and Elders. NNC continues to consult with Indigenous partners to gain a more nuanced approach to the lived experiences of women and other vulnerable groups in eligible communities.

In 2023–24, NNC partnered with a network of food banks and Indigenous organizations to expand food distribution networks in eligible communities and extend the subsidy to additional food banks. 4 food banks are currently registered with the program with 6 more being onboarded, and NNC is continuing to seek partnerships with food banks and Indigenous organizations. In December 2023, a Memorandum of Understanding was signed between Tribal Councils (Wiiche'iwaymagon), food banks and charities, and Arctic Gateway, whose initiative is intended to expand to eventually support over 100 communities in northern Manitoba, Ontario, and Nunavut. The inclusion of food banks in the subsidy program is already having an impact in several communities, benefitting vulnerable groups, such as women, children, young and/or lone parents, people with disabilities, Elders and others.

In 2022, the department launched the NNC Food Security Research Grant. In 2023–24, a total of 5 Indigenous-led research projects were funded to identify options to further improve the program's operations, transparency, and accountability; 3 recipients met with Minister Vandal to discuss options for improving the subsidy and their progress thus far. All recipients have demonstrated the incorporation of a GBA Plus lens in their research design, methods, analysis and interpretation, and dissemination of findings. Phase 1 of the grant is complete and NNC is awaiting the reception of the final Reporting and Subsidy Recommendations from the 5 funded projects. These reports will provide a more complete picture of who is accessing the subsidy and to what extent it is improving food security, especially among the most vulnerable, in the communities included in the projects. A call-out for proposals for Phase 2 of the Food Security Research Grant will begin in 2024–25.

In 2024, the Department launched an evaluation of the program to inform program improvements. NNC will continue working with its partners and seek feedback from Northerners to continuously improve the program and make it work better for the people it serves, supporting women, children, young and/or lone parents, people with disabilities, Elders and others who are most vulnerable to food insecurity.