Archived - The James Bay and Northern Quebec Agreement and the Northeastern Quebec Agreement - 2005-2006 and 2006-2007 Annual Report

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Author: Published under the authority of the Minister of Indian Affairs and Northern Development and Federal Interlocutor for Métis and Non-Status Indians
Date: 2009
ISBN: 978-1-100-11996-0
QS-Q036-009-BB-A1

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(1 669 Kb, 70 Pages)

 

Table of Contents

Foreword

As part of its responsibilities relating to Aboriginal peoples and Northerners, Indian and Northern Affairs Canada coordinates Government of Canada activities pertaining to obligations under the James Bay and Northern Quebec Agreement and the Northeastern Quebec Agreement. It is with great pleasure that I present herein, on behalf of Indian and Northern Affairs Canada, the 2005-2006 and 2006-2007 annual report outlining the implementation activities conducted in those years.

This report provides an overview of the activities organized for the Cree, Inuit and Naskapi under the James Bay and Northern Quebec Agreement and the Northeastern Quebec Agreement, and presents the related expenditures. Activities and expenditures under other federal programs are also included.

In 2005-2006 and 2006-2007, continued efforts were made to ensure that obligations under the above agreements were duly fulfilled. The many achievements included the signing and renewal of various agreements to fund activities to help the Cree, Inuit and Naskapi of Quebec achieve their social and economic aspirations and build healthy and sustainable communities.

In an atmosphere of mutual respect and trust between the Cree, Inuit and Naskapi and numerous federal departments and agencies, significant achievements were made in partnership. On behalf of Indian and Northern Affairs Canada, I am proud to present them to you in the following pages.

Mavis Dellert
A/Director General
Implementation Branch
Treaties and Aboriginal Government

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Introduction

The James Bay and Northern Quebec Agreement (JBNQA) was signed on November 11, 1975 by the Cree and Inuit peoples of Quebec, the governments of Canada and Quebec, the James Bay Development Corporation, the James Bay Energy Corporation and Hydro-Quebec. Few years later, on January 31, 1978, the Naskapi of Schefferville signed a similar agreement, the Northeastern Quebec Agreement (NEQA).

The JBNQA and NEQA are the first comprehensive land claim agreements signed in modern times by Canada and Aboriginal people. The agreements include self-government components and lay the foundations for a new relationship between the Cree, the Inuit and the Naskapi and the Government of Canada.

The territory covered by the JBNQA and NEQA is comprised of more than 1,000,000 square kilometres of land in Quebec between the 48th and 62nd parallels. It was once part of a larger federal territory known as Rupert's Land.

A century ago, the Parliament of Canada transferred two vast stretches of Rupert's Land to Quebec, with Quebec's consent. The first transfer took place in 1898 and Quebec's borders were extended northward to the 52nd parallel. The second transfer occurred in 1912 and Quebec's borders were extended northward again as far as Hudson Strait and the 62nd parallel and eastward as far as Labrador. The 1912 Quebec Boundaries Extension Act carried certain obligations for the Quebec government, including the obligation to reach an agreement on land-related issues with the Aboriginal inhabitants. However, discussions regarding these matters would not begin until more than 60 years later.

The inhabitants of these Northern lands, which are barren but incredibly diverse in terms of climate and resources, are Indian and Inuit peoples with significantly different cultures, methods of social organization and languages. The Cree, the Inuit and the Naskapi follow a traditional way of life in which they harvest a large number of wildlife and marine resources. Many continue to earn their living by hunting, fishing and trapping. When the Quebec government launched its hydroelectric power development activities in Northern Quebec, the land claims and other claims of the Aboriginal people living on these lands had not yet been settled. In 1972, the Quebec Cree and Inuit went to court in order to halt the hydroelectric work.

In November 1973, Judge Albert Malouf of the Quebec Superior Court ordered that all work be stopped immediately, in particular because Quebec had not yet fulfilled its obligation under the 1912 Act. In 1974, the Quebec Court of Appeal reversed Judge Malouf's decision, but in late 1973, the parties had already begun negotiations to reach a final agreement. These negotiations culminated in the signing of the JBNQA in 1975.

Subsequently, in 1978, the Naskapi Band of Schefferville signed the Northeastern Quebec Agreement with the Government of Quebec and certain Crown corporations, the Government of Canada, the Grand Council of the Crees (of Quebec) and the Northern Quebec Inuit Association, establishing similar rights to those acquired by the Cree under the JBNQA.

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Map of Cree, Inuit and Naskapi Communities in Quebec

The map indicates the location of the Cree, Unit and Naskapi communities in Quebec

This report provides an overview of the activities organized for the Cree, Inuit and Naskapi under the James Bay and Northern Quebec Agreement and the Northeastern Quebec Agreement, and presents the related expenditures. Activities and expenditures under other federal programs are also included.

The map indicates the location of the Cree, Unit and Naskapi communities in Quebec.

The following Inuit communities are marked by the half-moon sign:

The following Cree communities are marked by the triangle sign:

The Kawawachikamach Nation is the Naskapi community marked by the square sign.

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Main Provisions of the JBNQA and NEQA

Under the terms of the James Bay and Northern Quebec Agreement and the Northeastern Quebec Agreement, Aboriginal communities of the region have exchanged their rights and territorial interests for other rights and benefits, as specified in the agreements.

The JBNQA and NEQA define the land regime applicable to the Cree, the Inuit and the Naskapi, as well as their rights in many areas, such as resource management, economic development, policing and administration of justice, health and social services and environmental protection.

In terms of compensation, the Cree received $133,815,678 (including $19,500,000 from the Government of Canada) and the Inuit received $91,184,322 (including $13,272,384 from the Government of Canada) for a total of $225,000,000 under the JBNQA. The Naskapi received $9,000,000 (including $1,310,010 from the Government of Canada) under the NEQA.

In addition, a sum of $2,809,773 (including $1,226,943 from the Government of Canada) was provided to the Cree under Section 25.1.15 of the JBNQA and a sum of $525,428 was provided by the Government of Canada to the Inuit under Sections 25.1.16 and 3 of the Complementary Agreement No. 2 (JBNQA).

The Cree, Inuit and Naskapi are also entitled to a range of services and programs to which the federal and provincial governments contribute annually. The following additional lump-sum payments have been provided as a result of the signing of specific agreements, many of which are associated with complementary agreements to the JBNQA:

Lands

Under the JBNQA and NEQA, a land regime was instituted in the territory covered by the agreements. It divides the territory into three categories of lands (I, II and III) and specifies the total land area in each: over 14,000 square kilometres of territory are category I lands, 150,000 square kilometres are category II lands and 1,000,000 square kilometres are category III lands. It also specifies the rights pertaining to each category.

Category I lands, where the villages are located, are set aside exclusively for the Aboriginal communities that are signatories to the two agreements. Cree and Naskapi Category I lands are further subdivided into categories IA and IB: "A" for lands under the jurisdiction of Canada, and "B" for those under that of Quebec. Category IA and IA-N lands (N standing for Naskapi lands) falling under federal jurisdiction are governed by local Aboriginal administrations, as defined in the Cree-Naskapi (of Quebec) Act. Category IB and IB-N lands under Quebec jurisdiction are governed by corporations composed exclusively of Aboriginals. Inuit lands fall under provincial jurisdiction and are governed by public corporations composed mainly of Inuit.

Category II lands, usually located around the villages, come under provincial jurisdiction. However, the Aboriginal people participate in the management of hunting, fishing and trapping and the development of outfitting operations. They also have exclusive hunting, fishing and trapping rights on these lands.

Category III lands are Quebec public lands where Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal peoples may hunt and fish. However, Aboriginal people exercise certain rights on these lands under the agreements. They have exclusive rights to the harvesting of certain aquatic species and fur-bearing animals; they participate in the administration and development of the territory; and enjoy, until the year 2015, a right of refusal in the event of applications to set up or transfer new outfitting operations. The Aboriginal people must, however, relinquish this right for 30 percent of transfers or new outfitting operations proposed by non-Aboriginal people.

Land Area (km2) for Category I and II Defined by the JBNQA in 1975 and the NEQA in 1978, By Beneficiary Group

  Category I Lands Category II Lands Category III Lands
Cree IA 3,295.39*   Cree, Inuit and Naskapi exercise Native harvesting rights in Category III Lands
  IB 1,992.98  
  IB special 252.96  
    5,541.33 68,790.39
Inuit I 8,152.01 81,596.58
Naskapi IA-N 41.92  
  IB-N 284.90 II-N 4 144.00
Total   14,020.16 154,530.97 910,711**

* Following acceptance by the Government of Canada from the Government of Quebec, in 1999, of the final transfer of Category IA lands, the Cree IA lands cover 3,299.6 km2.
** Ministère du Conseil exécutif, Secrétariat aux affaires autochtones.

Sources:
Federal lands, Government of Canada, Natural Resources Canada, Legal Surveys Division, Quebec Client Liaison Unit.
Provincial lands: Gouvernement du Québec, Ministère des Ressources naturelles, Direction de l'enregistrement et du morcellement.
Category III lands as defined in Section 1, Annex 1 of the Complementary Agreement No. 1, JBNQA.

Environmental and Social Protection

The JBNQA and the NEQA provide for consultative bodies to advise governments on policies and regulations that may have an impact onthe environment and the social conditions of Aboriginal communities.

For this purpose, two committees have been set up: the James Bay Advisory Committee on the Environment (JBACE) for the area south of the 55th parallel and the Kativik Environmental Advisory Committee (KEAC) for the area north of that parallel. Each committee includes representatives from Aboriginal communities in the territory and from the two levels of government. The JBACE Annual Report is available in english on the internet at this website ,  . The JBACE Annual Report is available from the Secretariat of the James Bay Advisory Committee on the Environment, Environmental Assessment Division, Marie-Guyart Building, 6th Floor, P.O. Box 83, 675 René-Lévesque Boulevard East, Quebec City (Quebec) Canada G1R 5V7. The KEAC Annual Report is available from the Secretariat of the Kativik Environmental Advisory Committee, P.O. Box 1093, Station Terminus, Quebec City (Quebec) Canada G1K 7B5.

The JBNQA also establishes evaluation procedures for development proposals. The Cree participate in the evaluation of projects affecting lands below the 55th parallel, whereas to the north of the 55th parallel it is the Inuit who participate in these evaluations. The federal administrator – appointed by the Governor in Council – is responsible for the evaluation process for projects under federal government jurisdiction. For matters under provincial jurisdiction, a provincial administrator is appointed by the Quebec government. Projects in Category I Cree lands come under the authority of the local Cree administrator.

The NEQA includes similar provisions assuring the Naskapi of participation in the environmental and social protection of the territory covered by that agreement.

Economic Development

Compensation funds paid under the agreements by the administered by three organizations. The Cree Board of Compensation, the Makivik Corporation and the Naskapi Development Corporation handle the funding of projects for the economic development of their respective communities in Northern Quebec.

In addition, under the agreements, the Cree, Inuit and Naskapi continue to benefit, in the same way as other Aboriginal peoples, from the economic development programs offered by the two governments.

Education

The JBNQA provided for the establishment of the Cree School Board and the Kativik School Board. Both of these boards, which operate under Quebec's jurisdiction, possess special powers and ensure that educational programs are culturally relevant to the communities.

Under the NEQA, educational services for the Naskapi are provided for by a school created to fulfill the needs of the Naskapi community; The Eastern Quebec Regional School Board is responsible for its general administration. In addition, the Naskapi Education Committee was set up to perform the same advisory functions as those assigned to school committees under the Education Act at the time, and now known as the Education Act for the Cree, Inuit and Naskapi Native Persons.

The JBNQA and the NEQA established that Canada and Quebec would contribute to the funding of these institutions on the basis of annual operating and capital budgets approved by each. The proportion to be contributed by Canada was set at 75 percent of the approved budgets of the Cree School Board and the Naskapi school, and 25 percent of the approved budgets of the Kativik School Board.

Hunting, Fishing and Trapping

The Hunting, Fishing and Trapping Co-ordinating Committee (HFTCC) was created under the JBNQA and is comprised of government and Aboriginal experts. Federal representatives are from Indian and Northern Affairs Canada (INAC), Environment Canada and Fisheries and Oceans Canada. The Committee's role is to study, manage and, in certain cases, monitor and regulate the hunting, fishing and trapping regime. In most matters, the Co-ordinating Committee plays an advisory role to the Quebec and Canadian governments. It must also make recommendations to the two levels of government. It holds annual meetings in the Northern communities to explain its activities and consult with local people about its mandate and broad objectives. Sub-committees, also made up of Aboriginal and government representatives, have been formed to deal with specific issues such as big game, parks, fishing, outfitting operations, marketing of caribou meat and land use. More information on the HFTCC and its activities is available on the HFTCC Web site or from the Secretariat of the Hunting, Fishing and Trapping Co-ordinating Committee, 383 St-Jacques Street, Room C220, Montréal (Quebec) Canada H2Y 1N9.

Local and Regional Administrations

With the passage of Cree-Naskapi (of Quebec) Act in 1984, the Cree communities and the Naskapi community became incorporated. They have local administrations with the power to adopt by-laws concerning public order, environmental protection, taxation for local purposes, roads and transportation, local business and the use of lands and resources. Two additional bodies – the Cree Board of Compensation and the Cree Regional Authority (CRA) – were set up under Quebec legislation.

The Inuit communities of Nunavik, located above the 55th parallel, are incorporated as municipalities under Quebec legislation. The Kativik Regional Government is their regional structure, and the Makivik Corporation was set up to protect the interests of the Inuit with regard to the implementation of the JBNQA. Both organizations were established under Quebec legislation.

Cree-Naskapi (of Quebec) Act

In 1984, the Parliament of Canada passed the Cree-Naskapi (of Quebec) Act to implement JBNQA and NEQA provisions regarding local government for the communities. This Act supersedes the Indian Act, except for matters pertaining to Indian status. It institutes a form of self-government and establishes the land management system for Category IA (Cree) and IA-N (Naskapi) lands.

Cree-Naskapi Land Registry

The setting up and operation of a registry of rights and interests pertaining to Category IA and IA-N lands and buildings on those lands is provided for under the Cree-Naskapi (of Quebec) Act. The Land Registry System, which reports to INAC, includes the Central Land Registry Office and the Cree and Naskapi local offices.

Cree-Naskapi Commission

The Cree-Naskapi (of Quebec) Act also provided for the establishment of the Cree-Naskapi Commission (CNC), whose role is to investigate any representation submitted to it relating to implementation of the Act. It must also produce biennial reports on the application of the Act, following hearings. These reports are submitted to the Minister of Indian Affairs and Northern Development to be tabled in Parliament. The Cree-Naskapi Commission is made up of no more than three commissioners appointed by the Governor in Council, on the recommendation of the Cree Regional Authority and the Naskapi community.

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Summary of JBNQA and NEQA Implementation

The process of implementing the JBNQA and the NEQA has taken longer and has become more complex than anticipated.

In 1981, the House of Commons Standing Committee on Indian Affairs and Northern Development urged the federal government to address outstanding issues related to the JBNQA. After a departmental report, the Tait Report, was submitted in 1982, the federal government introduced a series of measures to address JBNQA implementation-related problems.

In June 1986, the federal Cabinet approved a process for fulfilling government obligations under the JBNQA and the NEQA. A federal negotiator, Mr. Andrew Croll, was appointed in order to direct this process.

In September 1990, the federal government signed the JBNQA Implementation Agreement with the Inuit and the NEQA Implementation Agreement with the Naskapi Band of Quebec. These agreements released the federal government from certain obligations under the JBNQA and NEQA. In return, the federal government paid a one-time grant of $22,800,000 to the Inuit and $1,700,000 to the Naskapi. The government made other commitments to these communities. Many activities have been launched within the framework of the agreements. Various working groups and procedures have been established, including procedures for settling disputes and the establishment of a JBNQA Implementation Forum with the Inuit. In 1990, INAC established the James Bay Implementation Office.

Discussions between the federal government and the James Bay Cree regarding JBNQA implementation continued. In May 1992, the federal government signed an agreement providing for the building of a village for the Oujé-Bougoumou Cree and the setting up of a fund for the community's economic and social development. Having agreed that the Cree-Canada relationship was in need of rejuvenation and reform, the Government of Canada and the James Bay Cree entered into a set of discussions and negotiations to renew and define this relationship and pursue the process of meeting their respective responsibilities under the JBNQA, the Constitution and the laws of Canada. To facilitate discussions between the federal ministers and the leaders of the James Bay Cree in the context of these shared objectives, in 1997 the parties agreed to establish a Round Table, bringing together the federal ministers concerned and the leaders of the James Bay Cree. The Cree-Canada Round Table came into existence in 1998. The Chief Negotiator for the Cree at that time was Mr. Ted Moses. In 1999-2000, Mr. Moses was elected Grand Chief of the Quebec Grand Council of the Crees, and his responsibilities as Chief Negotiator at the Cree-Canada Round Table were taken over by Mr. Bill Namagoose.

Since the signing of the JBNQA and the NEQA, several federal departments and agencies have undertaken to meet the federal government's obligations under the agreements. Most of them also provide, within their respective mandates, funding for government programs to which the beneficiaries have continued access.

The signing of the agreements has brought about many changes in the role and jurisdiction of the federal government and INAC with respect to the Cree, Inuit and Naskapi.

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Indian and Northern Affairs Canada

In 1982, the Minister of Indian Affairs and Northern Development was given overall responsibility for co-ordinating all federal government activities related to implementation of both the JBNQA and the NEQA. To ensure that the federal government's obligations were met, the Department established the Quebec Claims Secretariat in February 1984. This organization later became known as the Northern Quebec Claims Implementation Secretariat. In 1986, the Department's Negotiations and Implementation Directorate at Headquarters assumed the responsibilities of the Northern Quebec Claims Implementation Secretariat, a situation that continued until the early 1990s. The James Bay Implementation Office then assumed these responsibilities.

Since the signing of the JBNQA and NEQA and the passing of legislation that established the Cree and Naskapi local administrations and regional government for Inuit communities, INAC's role has evolved from that of being a direct service provider to that of negotiator of financial agreements such that these communities could deliver their own programs. The Department still provides technical expertise in many areas and participates in the land and environmental management regimes covered by the agreements. James Bay Implementation Office The James Bay Implementation Office (JBIO) was created in November 1990 after the federal government signed implementation agreements with the Makivik Corporation and the Naskapi Band of Quebec. The JBIO is part of the Implementation Branch (Claims and Indian Government) of INAC and is located in Gatineau, Quebec.

James Bay Implementation Office

The James Bay Implementation Office (JBIO) was created in November 1990 after the federal government signed implementation agreements with the Makivik Corporation and the Naskapi Band of Quebec. The JBIO is part of the Implementation Branch (Claims and Indian Government) of INAC and is located in Gatineau, Quebec.

Mandate

The JBIO's responsibilities include:

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Annual Report 2005-2006

Summary of Federal Government Expenditures ($),* 2001-2006

  2001-2002 2002-2003 2003-2004 2004-2005 2005-2006
Indian and Northern Affairs Canada 193,632,594 186,922,943 195,281,734 211,549,375 223,461,316
Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation 44,364,765 41,804,276 41,797,000 41,823,800 44,110,970
Human Resources Development Canada 17,462,698 17,814,683 19,991,595 22,302,362 25,239,020
Health Canada 11,827,148 12,235,769 12,371,131 12,952,189 13,657,028
Transport Canada 8,551,393 6,525,725 10,649,719 8,727,309 10,598,340
Public Safety and Civil Protection Canada (Solicitor General Canada) 6,991,096 8,156,973 8,968,900 9,444,505 10,454,002
National Defence 2,900,000 3,160,000 3,411,000 3,746,000 4,100,200
Canadian Heritage 1,857,962 1,828,962 2,022,150 2,070,751 2,022,150
Canada Economic Development 521,511 2,717,629 2,688,587 1,278,735 1,050,782
Industry Canada 950,279 1,085,870 895,221 707,194 774,635
Fisheries and Oceans Canada 910,000 877,000 810,000 788,000 748,400
Environment Canada** 781,783 850,837 655,063 769,122 980,519
Natural Resources Canada/Canadian Forest Service 596,920 430,550 594,403 547,700 555,000
Justice Canada 269,700 459,533 208,874 225,233 243,431
Total 291,617,849 284,870,750 300,345,377 316,932,275 337,995,793

FEDERAL EXPENDITURES BETWEEN 2001 AND 2006: 1,531,762,044

* Figures provided by each department.
** Including the expenditures of the Canadian Environmental Agency.

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Activities and Expenditures of Federal Departments and Agencies, 2005-2006

Indian and Northern Affairs Canada

In 2005-2006, Indian and Northern Affairs Canada (INAC) allocated $223,461,316 to the Cree, Inuit and Naskapi communities and organizations under the James Bay and Northern Quebec Agreement (JBNQA) and the Northeastern Quebec Agreement (NEQA).

Population

As of December 31, 2005, the agreements covered 25,246 beneficiaries, including 14,585 Cree, 10,060 Inuit and 601 Naskapi.

Education

The Department allocated $104,978,291 for education expenditures
on the following programs and activities:

Programs or Activities Cree Inuit Naskapi Total
Career Promotion and Awareness 135,282 119,979 6,416 261,677
Science and Technology 64,259 56,990 3,048 124,297
Summer Career Placements 267,182 236,958 12,672 516,812
Work Experience Opportunities 327,214 290,199 — 617,413
Total 793,937 704,126 22,136 1,520,199

Capital, Operations and Maintenance

In 2005-2006, INAC allocated $98,771,705 to capital, operations and maintenance and various infrastructure-related projects in Cree, Inuit and Naskapi communities. Expenditures allocation by beneficiary groups is the following:

Cree

INAC allocated $15,247,999 in capital works grants as well as $56,704,144 for operations and maintenance of communities.

As part of the First Nations Water Management Strategy aimed at providing communities with safe drinking water, INAC allocated $350,000 to the Waswanipi First Nation to complete work undertaken at the Tamarack pumping station. It also allocated $2,013,274 to the Cree Regional Authority (CRA) for several projects, including the following:

– $619,400 to train water and wastewater system operators;
– $31,500 to the Whapmagoostui Nation to install fencing;
– $342,374 to the Mistissini Nation to prepare drawings and specifications for a future water treatment plant;
– $100,000 to the Wemindji Nation to acquire a stand-by generator;
– $300,000 to the Nemaska Nation to develop a building for access to the community well and install a pump;
– $580,000 to the Chisasibi Nation to expand the drinking water distribution system; and
– $15,000 to the Waswanipi Nation to secure a community well and $25,000 in additional funding to assess the water piping system.

Inuit

INAC provided $18,557,500 to the Makivik Corporation which
was invested as follows:

– $57,500 in annual funding to the community of Chisasibi under the Inuit Housing Agreement (1996-2006) to address the housing needs of the area's Inuit population;
– $12,500,000 for the construction of new housing in Nunavik; and
– $6 million for the Northern Quebec Marine Infrastructure Program.

Naskapi

INAC allocated $1,391,800 in capital works grants as well as $4,506,988 for operations and maintenance of communities.

Electricity

In 2005-2006, INAC allocated $5,013,559 to Waskaganish for electricity.

Social Development

The Mistissini, Waswanipi and Kawawachikamach Nations receive social assistance services directly from the Department. These services are provided by the Government of Quebec in the remaining JBNQA communities. In 2005-2006, the federal government allocated $1,910,120 to the Cree and $835,003 to the Naskapi to stimulate social development. The funding provided breaks down as follows:

Programs or Activities Mistissini Waswanipi Kawawachikamach Total
Service Delivery 92,520 54,400 41,280 188,200
Basic Needs 621,250 770,000 619,223 2,010,473
Special Needs 13,750 30,000 30,000 73,750
Social Assistance, Employment and Training — 70,000 25,000 95,000
National Child Benefit 135,600 122,600 119,500 377,700
Total 863,120 1,047,000 835,003 2,745,123

The Government of Canada also participates in social development by funding initiatives that are designed to improve health and quality of life in communities through the National Strategy for the Integration of Persons with Disabilities (NSIPD) and the Federal Family Violence Initiative (FVI). It allocated $370,627 to communities in 2005-2006 as follows:

Programs or Activities Cree Inuit Kawawachikamach Total
NSIPD 21,346 25,744 1,764 48,854
FVI 140,938 169,200 11,635 321,773
Total 162,284 194,944 13,399 370,627

Economic and Community Development

INAC is committed to the economic development of Aboriginal communities and therefore supports Community Economic Development Organizations and other sectoral organizations. In exchange, these organizations provide technical and financial assistance for various economic development projects. In 2005-2006, the Department provided:

Cree Inuit Naskapi Total
1,589,331 1,523,436 56,142 3,168,909

Funding allocated to the Cree included $506,166 for the Cree Trappers' Association, $316,190 for the Cree Outfitting and Tourism Association and $335,600 for the Cree Regional Authority to support the Cree for the promotion of arts and crafts activities.

The Department also provided the following additional funds for other economic development projects: Tawich Development Corporation ($88,162), Wabannutao Eeyou Development Corporation ($51,607), Nemaska Development Corporation ($51,106), Waswanipi Development Corporation ($95,360) and Oujé-Bougoumou Eenuch Association ($57,855).

Funding allocated to the Inuit included $898,198 for the Kativik Regional Government, $305,550 for the Makivik Corporation and $319,688 for Ilivvik Inc.

The $56,142 allocated to the Naskapi corresponds to the base amount for economic development.

Environment

The Makivik Corporation received $10,000 from the Department under the Aboriginal and Northern Community Action Program to fund a workshop on climate change and energy efficiency measures. The Nemaska Nation received $37,500 to develop its energy profile and erect a tower to assess its wind power potential.

Furthermore, the Oujé-Bougoumou Eenuch Association received $34,880 to conduct an environmental impact assessment.

Indian Registration

The Department and the Cree and Naskapi communities are responsible for Indian registration. INAC provided a total of $114,300 to both communities to help them maintain the Indian Register: $109,893 to the Cree and $4,407 to the Naskapi.

Cree-Naskapi Land Registry

In 2005-2006, the Central Cree and Naskapi Land Registrar informed affected communities of the results of work at the Quebec Ministry of Natural Resources, begun in 2004, to verify the status of Category III land enclaves.

The Central Registrar also helped the Mistissini community, the Oujé- Bougoumou community and the CRA with their discussions to create a land base for the Oujé-Bougoumou community.

The Central Registrar provided training to the Cree and Naskapi communities on an ad hoc basis, by going into the communities to help local registrars establish local registry offices.

Evacuation of Disaster Victims

INAC provides financial assistance for the evacuation of victims of forest fires and the restoration of areas destroyed by forest fires. Cree communities received $273,966 in 2005-2006.

Chisasibi (May 2005) 70,983
Wemindji (June 2005) 36,061
Eastmain (June 2005) 273,966
Total 273,966

Gathering Strength: Canada's Aboriginal Action Plan

As part of Gathering Strength, the Department made a meaningful contribution to various projects conducted in Cree, Inuit and Naskapi communities in 2005-2006.

Other Financial Assistance

– The CRA received $1,800,000 in support of negotiations; this amount included a retroactive payment of $800,000 for the 2004-2005 fiscal year.
– The Makivik Corporation received $60,000 for a study on the Inuit in Montreal, to fund the development of a bookstore in Inukjuak and to provide support to Tagramiut Nipingat Inc.
– It also received $17,634 to carry out various projects during International Polar Year.
– It was also granted an additional $24,678 to hold the"A New Day Governing" conference.
– Lastly, $15,000 was allocated to the Kawawachikamach Nation to support participation of the Naskapi in a multi-party task force composed of Naskapi community, Makivik Corporation, Government of Quebec and Government of Canada representatives.

Cree-Naskapi Commission

During 2005-2006, INAC provided $773,158 to the Cree-Naskapi Commission to fund its activities regarding the implementation of the Cree-Naskapi (of Quebec) Act and support the production of its 2006 biennial report.

Indian and Northern Affairs Canada Expenditures, 2005-2006
Programs or Activities Cree Inuit Naskapi Total
Education Education Services 71,640,039 2,647,967 19,332,724 93,620,730
  School Infrastructure 6,712,922 2,619,842 84,704 9,417,468
  Youth Employment Strategy 793,937 704,126 22,136 1,520,199
  Cultural Centres 206,274 213,620 — 419,894
    79,353,172 6,185,555 19,439,564 104,978,291
           
Capital, Operations and Maintenance   74,315,417 18,557,500 5,898,788 98,771,705
Electricity Waskaganish   5,013,559 — — 5,013,559
Social Development Social Assistance 1,910,120 — 835,003 2,745,123
  NSIPD-FVI Programs 162,284 194,944 13,399 370,627
    2,072,404 194,944 848,402 3,115,750
           
Economic and Community Development   1,589,331 1,523,436 56,142 3,168,909
Environment   72,380 10,000 — 82,380
Indian Registration   109,893 — 4,407 114,300
Evacuation of Disaster Victims   273,966 — — 273,966
Gathering Strength        
  New Paths for Education 1,247,774 949,994 78,268 2,276,036
  Water and Sewer Initiatives 1,110,000 — 1,017,300 2,127,300
  Professional Development — — 7,500 7,500
  Economic Development Opportunity Fund 35,920 67,500 — 103,420
  Self-government Negotiations — 737,730 — 737,730
    2,393,694 1,755,224 1,103,068 5,251,986
           
Other Financial Assistance   1,800,000 102,312 15,000 1,917,312
Subtotal   166,993,816 28,328,971 27,365,371 222,688,158
           
Cree-Naskapi Commission   — — — 773,158
Total         2,745,123

Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation

Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation (CMHC) programs are offered to the Inuit through the Société d'habitation du Québec, under federal-provincial cost-sharing agreements. The Société d'habitation du Québec delivers and manages those programs.

The CMHC supports nine Cree communities and the Naskapi community through a social housing program under section 95 of the National Housing Act. As such, it grants monthly subsidies to First Nations councils to enable them to provide affordable housing to individuals and families in need. It also provides low-income households with financial assistance for renovations under the Residential Rehabilitation Assistance Program. Lastly, when requested, the CMHC dedicates human and financial resources to First Nations skills development in order to help communities better manage their housing stock and keep it in good condition.

In Budget 2005, the federal government allocated $295 million for the construction of some 4,400 on-reserve social housing units in Canada in 2005-2006 and 2006-2007.

The Cree and the Naskapi communities in Quebec benefited greatly from this initiative. In addition to continuing investment, including 27 housing units for the Cree communities and 3 for the Naskapi community, 63 new housing units were built in Cree communities and 9 in Naskapi community, due to the special initiative in 2005-2006. In total, 102 new housing units were built in the Cree and Naskapi communities during this two-year initiative.

Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation Expenditures, 2005-2006
  Cree Inuit Naskapi Total
Federal Subsidies 8,411,790 35,063,000 636,180 44,110,970
Subsidized Housing 2,058 1,921 140  

Human Resources and Skills Development Canada

Phase 2 of the Aboriginal Human Resources Development Strategy was launched on April 1, 2005 and will end on March 31, 2009. This strategy's objective is to enable Quebec Aboriginal organizations signatory to an Aboriginal Human Resources Development Agreement to continue to administer employment programs for which they were given responsibility.

Implementation of the agreement reached in October 2001 with the Cree Regional Authority continued in 2005-2006. The CRA invested $5 million in territorial programs to support logging and mining, construction and tourism training, as well as training in other key sectors. The Cree received a total of $14,051,381 under this agreement.

Pursuant to the agreement reached with the Kativik Regional Government, the Inuit received $2,314,107 in 2005-2006 to administer various programs and services, $3,025,000 to manage territorial programs and $5,387,529 for employability training and development.

Lastly, the Naskapi received $461,003 in 2005-2006 under an agreement signed with the Assembly of First Nations of Quebec and Labrador.

Human Resources and Skills Development Canada Expenditures, 2005-2006
Programs
or Activities		 Cree Inuit Naskapi Total
Employment Programs Treasury Funds 2,743,967 2,320,921 202,388 5,267,276
Employment Insurance Funds 1,387,635 1,270,079 125,472 2,783,186
Programs for the Disabled 59,338 50,190 — 109,528
Inuit and First Nations Child Care Initiative 1,628,197 1,390,772 88,359 3,107,328
Youth Initiatives 391,963 279,205 44,784 715,952
Organizational Skills 190,281   — 266,643
Territorial Programs 5,000,000   — 8,025,000
Administration 2,650,000 2,314,107 — 4,964,107
Total 14,051,381 10,726,636 461,003 25,239,020

Health Canada

Health Canada's Quebec Region First Nations and Inuit Health Branch provides effective, cost-efficient and viable health care programs and services with a view to strategically improving First Nations and Inuit health circumstances. In 2005-2006, it invested $13,657,028 in a range of programs for Cree, Inuit and Naskapi communities.

Funding was used to introduce children and youth, mental health, addictions treatment, chronic disease and disease prevention programs and services, which support and enhance those provided by community health authorities.

Aboriginal Head Start on Reserve Program

The Aboriginal Head Start on Reserve Program is designed to prepare young First Nations children for their first year of school by supporting their spiritual, emotional, intellectual and physical growth. As part of this program, the First Nations and Inuit Health Branch provided support to the Cree and Naskapi by contributing to various activities carried out in the communities, while the Public Health Agency of Canada funded activities in Inuit communities.

First Nations and Inuit Home and Community Care Program

The First Nations and Inuit Home and Community Care Program continued to provide high-quality services to the chronically ill, the disabled and seniors.

Building Healthy Communities (Mental Health Crisis Management Program)

Building Healthy Communities (Mental Health Crisis Management Program) gave some stakeholders an opportunity to take training on suicide intervention skills, which will enable them to further examine this growing epidemic in communities.

Indian Residential Schools Resolution Health Support Program

The Indian Residential Schools Resolution Health Support Program provided mental health, transportation and emotional and cultural support services to eligible individuals who attended Indian Residential Schools.

Aboriginal Diabetes Initiative

In 2005-2006, activities put forward under the Aboriginal Diabetes Initiative focused on promoting healthy eating and reminding the population of the importance of making physical activity part of their daily lives. Funding was also received to purchase physical activity equipment.

National Strategy for Tobacco Control

Similarly, various projects were undertaken in Cree and Inuit communities under the National Strategy for Tobacco Control, including the Quit and Win (Défi J'arrête, j'y gagne) promotional campaign, instructor training and an adaptation by youth of the Healing from Smoking video, which will accompany the Kick Butt awareness document.

Non-insured Health Benefits Program

The Non-insured Health Benefits Program was provided to all off-reserve Cree, Inuit and Naskapi. This program provides eligible individuals with a limited range of medical products and services, such as dental care, vision care, medical transportation, prescription medication, a selection of over-the-counter medication, some medical equipment and supplies, mental health assessment services, treatment and referral to a qualified specialist for short-term crisis intervention.

Canada Prenatal Nutrition Program

In addition, the Canada Prenatal Nutrition Program supported the development of prevention and promotion activities designed to improve the nutritional health of expectant mothers before birth and during breast-feeding. Other activities were also carried out in order to provide Inuit and First Nations women with information on nutrition and other available resources.

Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder Program

As part of the Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder Program, an awareness and education campaign was undertaken and training was given to front-line health care workers and professionals. Cree communities also formed a multi-disciplinary team responsible for coordinating services and support provided to parents and families of children with Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder Program.

Maternal Child Health Program

In 2005-2006, the First Nations and Inuit Health Branch funded the first year of the Maternal Child Health Program, a new program for Aboriginal expectant mothers and families of infants and young children. In Cree and Inuit communities, funding supported existing health promotion programs, such as the Canada Prenatal Nutrition Program and the Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder Program, and usefully complemented community health services.

Brighter Futures Program

The Brighter Futures Program continued to encourage community stakeholders to take part in other community programs in order to promote the well-being of children, by organizing extracurricular activities or by seeing to their safety during the summer months.

National Native Alcohol and Drug Abuse Program

Furthermore, the National Native Alcohol and Drug Abuse Program informed communities on the effects of alcohol and drug abuse and provided adult clients of addiction rehabilitation centres with pre- and post-treatment services.

Youth Solvent Abuse Program

The Cree, Inuit and Naskapi continued to benefit form the Youth Solvent Abuse Program. Specifically, Inuit communities restructured programs and services in collaboration with the Nunavik Regional Board of Health and Social Services.

Blueprint on Aboriginal Health

The Nunavik Regional Board of Health and Social Services received funding to improve the delivery of health services in Nunavik. As a result, the Board was able to hold consultations with various players in order to improve their Blueprint on Aboriginal Health.

Health Careers Program for Indians and Inuit

The Health Careers Program for Indians and Inuit encourages Aboriginals to pursue training that will lead to careers in the health sector.

First Nations and Inuit Health Branch (Health Canada) Expenditures, 2005-2006
Programs or Activities Cree Inuit Naskapi Total
Aboriginal Head Start on Reserve Program 1,417,089 — — 1,417,089
First Nations and Inuit Home and Community Care Program 1,505,799 1,874,804 123,791 3,504,394
Building Healthy Communities (Mental Health Crisis Management Program) 874,800 762,190 56,847 1,693,837
Indian Residential Schools Resolution Health Support Program 40,800 — — 40,800
Aboriginal Diabetes Initiative 206,372 110,874 12,592 329,838
National Strategy for Tobacco Control 116,800 114,600 — 231,400
Non-insured Health Benefits Program 822,038 326,750 6,207 1,154,995
Canada Prenatal Nutrition Program 279,800 259,277 17,043 556,120
Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder Program 317,823 157,000 11,942 486,765
Maternal Child Health Program 72,488 19,000 — 91,488
Brighter Futures Program 1,180,036 1,010,067 65,166 2,255,269
National Native Alcohol and Drug Abuse Program 710,539 765,352 53,480 1,529,371
Youth Solvent Abuse Program 152,943 135,751 9,526 298,220
Blueprint on Aboriginal Health — 50,000 — 50,000
Health Careers Program for Indians and Inuit — 17,442 — 17,442
Total 7,697,327 5,603,107 356,594 13,657,028

Transport Canada

In 2005-2006, Transport Canada allocated $10,598,340 to Cree, Inuit and Naskapi communities through its various programs, or approximately 21.5% more than in 2004-2005. More than 20% of these expenditures was used to fund the Kuujjuaq Air Terminal redevelopment.

Transport Canada invested in air and marine infrastructure, the two most common modes of transportation in the region that are subject to both agreements. Infrastructure that received departmental funding is concentrated in Cree and Inuit communities. The table shows the Department's expenditures by program or activity.

Cree

Transport Canada allocated $197,435 to the Eastmain Nation, $191,951 to the Waskaganish Nation and $184,492 to the Wemindji Nation in order to meet maintenance contract obligations. These three communities also received the following amounts from the Department:
– $264,419 to improve the Eastmain Air Terminal and connect
the airport to the community sewer system;
– $178,077 to renovate the Waskaganish Air Terminal; and
– $226,851 to improve the Wemindji Airport and facilitate access to it.

The Department also covered some operating and maintenance expenses incurred by three airports located in remote areas:
– $92,598 at the Eastmain Airport;
– $8,342 at the Waskaganish Airport; and
– $4,829 at the Wemindji Airport.

Transport Canada invested $456,692 under the Airports Capital Assistance Program to improve security at the Chisasibi Airport.

Lastly, the Cree communities received $2,149,934 for soil decontamination in Nitchequon.

Inuit

Transport Canada provided $725,000 to the Kativik Regional Government for management of the Kuujjuaq Airport. It also allocated $2,296,303 to restore the lighting system and redevelop the air terminal.

Under the Airports Capital Assistance Program [Note 1], $2,065,323 was invested to improve security at the Aupaluk, Kangirsuk, Akulivik, Inukjuak and Tasiujaq Airports.

In addition, the Department allocated $274,754 to Inuit communities to decontaminate soil in Kuujjuaq in order to ensure compliance with environmental standards.

During the 2005-2006 fiscal year, the Makivik Corporation received $1 million to improve marine infrastructure in accordance with the Northern Quebec Marine Infrastructure Agreement reached with Indian and Northern Affairs Canada.

Lastly, Transport Canada committed $74,376 for the Marine Security Inspection and Training Program delivered in Inuit communities.

Naskapi

The Schefferville Airport Corporation received $163,899 to manage the local airport. The Department also allocated $40,446 for the construction of a sand storage building at the Schefferville Airport and $2,619 for other improvements.

Transport Canada also provided these communities with aircraft and ship security, support and inspection services.

Transport Canada Expenditures, 2005-2006
Programs or Activities Cree Inuit Naskapi Total
Air Transport
Airport Management — 725,000 163,899 888,899
Capital, Operations and
Maintenance		 1,348,994 2,296,303 43,065 3,688,362
Airports Capital Assistance
Program		 456,692 2,065,323 — 2,522,015
Compliance with
Environmental Standards		 2,149,934 274,754 — 2,424,688
Total 3,955,620 5,361,380 206,964 9,523,964
Marine Transport
Improvement of Marine Infrastructure in Northern Quebec — 1,000,000 — 1,000,000
Marine Safety Inspection
and Training		 — 74,376 — 74,376
Total — 1,074,376 — 1,074,376
Grand total 3,955,620 6,435,756 206,964 10,598,340

Public Safety and Emergency Preparedness Canada (formerly Solicitor General Canada)

Aboriginal Policing Directorate

Cree

While awaiting approval of the wording of section 19 and the proposed amendments to the Quebec Police Act, Public Safety and Emergency Preparedness Canada pursued its negotiations with the Cree and the Government of Quebec concerning police services funding. As provided in the two interim agreements, the Cree received a total annual contribution of $9,316,924 in 2005-2006: 52% from the Government of Canada and 48% from the Government of Quebec. The federal contribution was allocated in accordance with the terms and conditions set out in the First Nations Policing Program. This funding allows at least 70 police officers to patrol Cree communities.

Inuit

During the 2005-2006 fiscal years, Public Safety and Emergency Preparedness Canada contributed its 52% each year, as negotiated in the tripartite funding and police service agreement, in the total amount of $9,835,341 in 2005-2006.

Naskapi

The Government of Canada allocated $268,320 in 2005-2006, as agreed in the police service agreement reached with the Naskapi (the annual federal and provincial government budget was estimated at $516,000 in 2005-2006). These contributions were allocated in accordance with the terms and conditions set out in the First Nations Policing Program. Although the agreement between the Naskapi, the Government of Canada and the Government of Quebec ended in 2000, 48% of the total annual budget for police services is supplied by the Government of Quebec, not including the federal contribution payable under the First Nations Policing Program.

Correctional Service of Canada

The Correctional Service of Canada continued to offer programs and services adapted to the Aboriginal culture.

In 2005-2006, it provided Aboriginal liaison services in all institutions under its jurisdiction, and paid $48,909 on behalf of the Cree, Inuit and Naskapi to Native Para-judicial Services of Quebec. This organization is responsible for assisting and counselling Aboriginal offenders in federal penitentiaries to facilitate their safe return to the community.

In addition, $98,289 went to various correctional programs tailored to the needs of Aboriginal offenders, primarily in the areas of drug addiction, family violence and sex offences.

Lastly, under sections 81 and 84 of the Corrections and Conditional Release Act, $79,307 was allocated to accommodate, supervise and treat offenders on parole in halfway houses.

Between April 1, 2005 and March 31, 2006, the Correctional Service of Canada contributed $226,505 to meet the needs of the Cree, Inuit and Naskapi.

Public Safety and Emergency Preparedness Canada Expenditures, 2005-2006
Programs or Activities Cree Inuit Naskapi Total
Aboriginal Policing Directorate 4,844,800 5,114,377 268,320 10,227,497
Correctional Service of Canada Native Para-judicial Services of Quebec 19,692 29,217 — 48,909
Various correctional programs adapted to the needs of Aboriginal offenders 12,769 85,520 — 98,289
Accommodation, supervision and treatment in halfway houses 38,307 41,000 — 79,307
SubTotal 70,768 155,737 — 226,505
Total 4,915,568 5,270,114 268,320 10,454,002

National Defence

Land Force Quebec Area is responsible for carrying out the Canadian Rangers and Junior Canadian Rangers programs in its area of responsibility, i.e., the province of Quebec. National Defence allocated $4,100,200 to these programs in 2005-2006.

The Canadian Rangers are volunteers between the ages of 18 and 65 who provide a military presence in remote and isolated communities in Canada, respond to requests for assistance and, if needed, provide support to the Canadian Forces during large-scale exercises. The Land Force Quebec Area is responsible for 23 Ranger patrols with a complement of 635 Canadian Rangers. On the territory covered by both agreements, Land Force Quebec Area has 17 Canadian Ranger patrols with 436 members, 328 of them Inuit and 100 Cree and Naskapi and 8 non-aboriginals.

National Defence also manages the Junior Canadian Rangers program, a program of activities offered free of charge to young people between 12 and 18. In its area of responsibility, the Land Force Quebec Area has 30 Junior Canadian Ranger patrols comprising 817 members, 408 of them Inuit, 245 Cree and Naskapi and 164 non-aboriginals. Within 2 Canadian Ranger Patrol Group, young people of all ethnic backgrounds (non-Aboriginal, Inuit, Cree, Naskapi and Montagnais) have had the opportunity to participate in advanced training at Camp Okpiapik in Kangiqsuallujjuaq.

Canadian Heritage

The Aboriginal Peoples' Program of the Department of Canadian Heritage (PCH) supports the full participation and cultural revitalization of Aboriginal peoples in Canadian Society. It enables them to address the social, cultural, economic and political issues affecting their lives. The Aboriginal Peoples' Program supports Aboriginal organizations, Aboriginal communities and Aboriginal languages and cultures.

The Aboriginal Peoples' Program supports a wide range of activities in Northern Quebec, particularly Aboriginal communication networks, friendship centres, protection of Aboriginal languages and cultures, support for Aboriginal organizations, and initiatives to improve conditions for Aboriginal women.

Funding was also provided for the new Urban Multipurpose Aboriginal Youth Centres Initiative, which creates a network of urban, multipurpose Aboriginal youth programming. The programming provides accessible, Aboriginal community-based, culturally relevant and supportive projects, programs, services and counselling to urban Aboriginal youth, and will facilitate their participation in other programs in order to improve their economic, social and personal prospects.

During 2005-2006, Canadian Heritage provided support amounting to $2,022,150 to Aboriginal communities in Northern Quebec.

Canadian Heritage Expenditures, 2005-2006
  Total
Northern Native Broadcast Access Program
James Bay Cree Communications Society 292,000
Taqramiut Nipingat Incorporated (TNI) 907,317
Aboriginal Representative Organizations Program
Makivik Corporation 201,645
Native Friendship Centre Program
Senneterre Native Friendship Centre Inc.* 114,158
Val-d'Or Native Friendship Centre Inc.* 171,237
Cree Indian Friendship Centre of Chibougamou 142,697
Urban Multipurpose Aboriginal Youth Centres
Senneterre Native Friendship Centre Inc.* 81,246
Val-d'Or Native Friendship Centre Inc.* 111,850
Total 2,022,150

* The services provided by these Native Friendship Centres are not restricted exclusively to the beneficiaries of the agreements.

Canada Economic Development

Cree

In 2005-2006, the largest portion of spending by Canada Economic Development ($362,000) went to the Eeyou Economic Group, a Cree Community Futures Development Corporation. This funding helped cover the operating costs of the economic development program, the Youth Strategy and Rural Enterprises Initiative, which aims to foster the development of microbusinesses and cultivate entrepreneurship. Other contributions helped increase access to the broadband network, create a tourism development plan for the community of Oujé-Bougoumou and design a business plan for a modular home manufacturing plant in Mistissini.

Inuit

To promote economic development, the Department sponsored a series of activities in 2005-2006, including the twelfth edition of the Eastern Arctic Games and construction of a hotel in Tasiujaq. It also helped Cruise North Expeditions Inc. develop its marketing plan, supported skills building and stimulated entrepreneurship within the Nunavik Landholding Corporations' Association. Lastly, it once again contributed to the Nunavik Investment Corporation, an Inuit Community Futures Development Corporation.

Canada Economic Development Expenditures, 2005-2006
Programs or Activities Cree Inuit Naskapi Total
Idea-SME 52,500 68,638 — 121,138
Strategic Regional Initiatives 131,289 145,989 — 277,278
Community Futures Program 311,456 340,910 — 652,366
Total 495,245 555,537 — 1,050,782

Industry Canada

Through the Aboriginal Business Canada program, Industry Canada supported several commercial activities and economic development projects in Cree, Inuit and Naskapi communities.

The funds invested helped finance business-related projects, especially in creating new Aboriginal businesses, promoting the expansion of existing businesses and developing business and marketing plans.

Industry Canada Expenditures, 2005-2006
Programs or Activities Cree Inuit Naskapi Total
Aboriginal Business Canada 247,918 526,717 — 774,635

Fisheries and Oceans Canada

The Quebec Regional Office of Fisheries and Oceans Canada administers research and development programs in Northern Quebec. More specifically, the Regional Fisheries and Aquaculture Management Branch participates in the hunting, fishing and trapping regime, as provided in section 24 of the James Bay and Northern Quebec Agreement. In cooperation with Indian and Northern Affairs Canada, Environment Canada and the Canadian Environmental Assessment Agency, the Oceans, Habitat and Species at Risk Branch implements the environmental and social protection regime, specified in sections 22 and 23 of the JBNQA, through the James Bay Advisory Committee on the Environment and the Kativik Environmental Advisory Committee.

Fisheries and Oceans Canada is also a co-signatory to an agreement with Transport Canada and Indian and Northern Affairs Canada under which an annual payment of $3 million is made over a 10-year period for the construction of marine infrastructure in the 14 Inuit communities in Nunavik in order to increase the capacity and safety of navigation. The objective is to develop economic ties between the communities and with outside regions.

Aboriginal Fisheries Division – Fisheries Management

Fisheries and Oceans Canada has been implementing the Aboriginal Fisheries Strategy since 2003-2004. Execution of the three-year Beluga Management Plan for Nunavik and adjacent waters (2006-2008) continued with the 14 Nunavik Inuit communities, the Hunting, Fishing and Trapping Association of Nunavik, the Makivik Corporation and the Kativik Regional Government. The Department also entered into a cooperation agreement with the Kativik Regional Government to better coordinate the work and observation patrols of eight Inuit fisheries wardens and to create a working relationship with a multidisciplinary officer employed by the Department in Inukjuak. The agreement also provides for the seasonal hiring of community officers in the 14 Inuit communities. They are responsible for compiling statistical data on the beluga catch.

Regional Science Branch

From 2005 to 2007, the scientific activities conducted by the Regional Science Branch in the Canadian North were a continuation of work in progress. These research projects are often conducted in cooperation with the Central and Arctic Regional Office of Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Inuit organizations and universities, including the Nunavik Research Centre. A number of projects have been carried out over the years, including:

– sampling and genetic analysis of Hudson Bay belugas;
– scientific training of two Inuit at the Institut Maurice- Lamontagne (analysis of fatty acids and beluga age dating);
– consultations with Nunavik communities and support for beluga management planning in the region;
– placing of satellite transmitters to monitor beluga movement; and
– observation of oceanic conditions in Hudson Bay and Hudson Strait.

Oceans and Habitat Branch

In 2005-2006, the Regional Oceans and Habitat Branch in Northern Canada focused on activities associated with a review of the Eastmain-1A and Rupert Diversion project, projects under the Nunavik Marine Infrastructure Program and the dock expansion project in Deception Bay.

Efforts aimed at harmonizing the various processes (Canadian Environmental Assessment Act and the James Bay and Northern Quebec Agreement) continued and a representative of the Regional Oceans and Habitat Branch continued to sit on COFEX-N.

The Branch also continued to participate in the activities of the James Bay Advisory Committee on the Environment and the Kativik Environmental Advisory Committee.

As part of the Marine Infrastructure Project, the Branch authorized modifications to fish habitat under subsection 35(2) of the Fisheries Act for the Tasiujaq and Inukjuak projects. The Branch also took part in evaluating the Akulivik and Salluit projects, which included a Fisheries Act ahe negotiation of habitat compensation agreements, site visits and participation in the COFEX-N environmental assessment.

The Branch also continued evaluating the project to enlarge Xstrata Nickel (Falconbridge) mine docking facilities in Deception Bay (Nunavik) and the Eastmain-1A and Rupert Diversion project in Cree territory. This hydroelectric development, promoted by Hydro-Québec and the James Bay Energy Corporation, is subject to the environmental assessment process of the JBNQA and the Canadian Environmental Assessment Act. A specific agreement for a joint review (Canada-Quebec-Cree) was reached. The Branch was involved in preparing the joint directive and held technical meetings with the developers.

Also, the Species at Risk Coordination Office held consultations in the 14 communities of Nunavik on listing beluga whale populations in Eastern Hudson Bay and Ungava Bay (2005-2006) on Schedule I of the Species at Risk Act.

Fisheries and Oceans Canada (Quebec Region) Expenditures, 2005-2006
Programs or Activities Cree Inuit Naskapi Total
Northern Quebec Marine Infrastructure Program — — — —
Regional Fisheries and Aquaculture Management Branch — 464,500 — 464,500
Regional Science Branch — 277,500 — 277,500
Oceans and Habitat Branch 800 5,600 — 6,400
Total 800 747,600 — 748,400

Environment Canada

Participation in Committees

In 2005-2006, Environment Canada continued to participate in implementing the environmental and social protection regime, as well as the hunting, fishing and trapping regime. This responsibility was incumbent on departmental representatives sitting on the James Bay Advisory Committee on the Environment, the Kativik Environmental Advisory Committee and the Hunting, Fishing and Trapping Coordinating Committee. The Department also invested $33,934 in the continued implementation of provisions in both agreements.

Northern Ecosystem Initiative

As part of the Northern Ecosystem Initiative, Environment Canada established a regional steering committee on which the main environmental participants in Northern Quebec were invited to sit. Representatives of Cree, Inuit, Naskapi and Innu Aboriginal organizations answered the call and joined the Committee. The Centre d'études nordiques and the Centre interuniversitaire d'études et de recherches autochtones of Laval University also participate, along with Hydro-Québec, the Société de la faune et des parcs du Québec, Indian and Northern Affairs Canada and Environment Canada. In accordance with the Northern Quebec Environmental Action Plan adopted by the Regional Steering Committee in 2002, the Northern Ecosystem Initiative received $800,000 in funding over four years, at a rate of $200,000 per year, starting in 2004-2005 and ending in 2007-2008. The Committee implemented a multi-year investment plan to fund a series of projects and activities. In 2005-2006, the Aboriginal organizations covered by the agreements sponsored nine projects that received total funding amounting to $200,000.

Wildlife and Habitat Management

In 2005-2006, under the Canada/United States Cooperation Agreement forming part of the North American Waterfowl Management Plan, Environment Canada's Wildlife Service prepared inventories of American black duck and Canada geese populations. It also banded Arctic geese and launched a reproduction study to assess the current status of the species and identify factors likely to affect its reproduction rates. The Canadian Wildlife Service contributed $200,000 toward this work. In addition, a further $75,000 was allocated to preparing waterfowl inventories in boreal forests.

The Aboriginal Fund for Species at Risk, which aims to facilitate implementation of the Species at Risk Act, granted the Cree Trappers' Association $30,000 for a project designed to raise awareness within the Cree Nation about the importance of protecting birds of prey at risk in Quebec.

Environmental Protection

In the summer of 2005, Environment Canada participated in initial restoration work at an abandoned mining exploration site near Blue Lake, north-east of Schefferville. The first phase of this project, initiated by the Kativik Regional Government and the Makivik Corporation, was to recover hydrocarbons, chemicals and other hazardous materials at the site and dispose of them safely, begin clearing, decontamination and compacting activities, and then haul the empty drums to an upgrading plant. This first step generated total expenditures of $5,000.

Sometimes, Environment Canada participates in the environmental assessment of projects conducted on territory covered by both agreements, as stipulated in the Canadian Environmental Assessment Act and in the Agreement. Its primary role is to provide, within the limits of its mandate and authority, expert opinions to the authorities responsible for the assessment. The Department's involvement varies according to the scope and complexity of the assessment project.

Canadian Meteorological Service

Environment Canada's Meteorological Service operates a network of eighteen weather stations on the territory covered by both agreements, including three aerology stations and a network of three lightening stations located in La Grande IV, in Wemindji and Kuujjuarapik. It also provides a range of meteorological services such as weather forecasts, warnings and watches, marine forecasts and aviation weather forecasts for the benefit of Northern residents and visitors. Locally, the Canadian Meteorological Service spent approximately $50,000 on goods and services such as heating oil, gasoline and public water supplies, purchased from Northern Village and Municipal Corporation.

Furthermore, a $93,000 agreement was signed with Salisiak Inc. for management of the aerological program at the Kuujjuaq Station. The Canadian Meteorological Service also awarded a $10,000 contract to a local company, Tuitsuligat, for snow removal operations at the Inukjuak Station.

Canadian Environmental Assessment Agency

Under sections 22 and 23 of the James Bay and Northern Quebec Agreement, the Canadian Environmental Assessment Agency supports the federal administrator and provides advice and administrative support to the various committees established under these two sections.

The Agency's Quebec regional office continued to coordinate environmental assessment processes and share information with the various federal stakeholders active in the territory covered by the Agreement.

Since 1999, Indian and Northern Affairs Canada, Fisheries and Oceans Canada and Transport Canada have been providing funding for the construction of marine infrastructure in a number of Inuit villages. The developer of these projects, the Makivik Corporation, must therefore comply with the requirements of three environmental assessment processes, namely, the federal and provincial processes specified in the Agreement, and the federal process imposed under the Canadian Environmental Assessment Act. Working in collaboration with the relevant federal authorities and the Federal Environmental and Social Impact Review Panel – North (COFEX-N), the Agency's Quebec regional office has developed a coordinating mechanism for the two federal processes. Since 2001, COFEX-N has drafted the preliminary review reports for all marine infrastructure projects, as required by section 17 of the Canadian Environmental Assessment Act.

Since 2003, as a result of an economic partnership agreement between the Government of Quebec and the Inuit, all marine construction must be capable of accommodating small craft (Phase 1) and supply boats (Phase II). Phase II will eventually be implemented in municipalities where Phase I has been completed. In 2005, the federal administrator of the Agreement and authorities in charge approved the marine infrastructure projects (Phase I) conducted in Inukjuaq and Tasiujaq and agreed to the proposed changes to the project underway in Salluit pursuant to the Canadian Environmental Assessment Act and the James Bay and Northern Quebec Agreement. During the autumn, work began on the COFEX-N assessment of marine infrastructure projects (Phase I) in Kuujjuaraapik and Akulivik, and the dock restoration project in Deception Bay submitted by the Xstrata Corporation (formerly Falconbridge) was examined.

The Federal Environmental and Social Impact Review Panel (South) did not perform any assessments in 2005-2006.

The Agency provided $245,500 from April 1, 2005 to March 31, 2006, to offset maintenance costs and comply with the joint funding agreement reached with the Government of Quebec, the James Bay Advisory Committee on the Environment and the Kativik Environmental Advisory Committee. The Agency also acted as an administrative secretariat for both review panels (North and South) and financed expenses incurred in 2005-2006 by federal representatives on the Assessment Committee and the Selection Committee, two organizations created respectively under sections 22 and 23 of the Agreement.

Environment Canada and Canadian Environmental Assessment Agency Expenditures, 2005-2006
Programs or Activities in Northern Quebec Total
Environment Canada
Participation in Committees 33,934
Northern Ecosystem Initiative 200,000
Wildlife and Habitat Management 305,000
Environmental Protection 5,000
Canadian Meteorological Service 153,000
Subtotal 696,934
Canadian Environmental Assessment Agency
Operating Costs and Fees 38,085
Contributions 245,500
Subtotal 283,585
Total 980,519

Natural Resources Canada

Canadian Forest Service

In 2005-2006, the Canadian Forest Service of Natural Resources Canada continued implementing the First Nations Forestry Program, whose objective is to improve the economic conditions of Aboriginal communities through sustainable forest management techniques. Therefore, it promotes forest management on reserves and encourages forest management capacity, either through the creation of Aboriginal businesses, cooperation between communities or partnerships with the forest industry. This program is funded jointly by Indian and Northern Affairs Canada and Natural Resources Canada.

In 2005-2006, the Cree community of Waswanipi received $53,000 to begin activities under the First Nations Forestry Program.

This contribution was paid to the Waswanipi Mishtuk Corporation for sylviculture projects on a 700-hectare site. The work consisted of checkerboard clear-cutting designed to encourage regeneration and protect the soil, pre-commercial thinning, selective cutting and site preparation. Six kilometres of forest road were also constructed. The total value of forest management work in 2005-2006 exceeded $445,000.

The Mistassini community did not participate in the First Nations Forestry Program in 2005-2006.

In addition, the Waswanipi Cree Model Forest, Canada's 11th model forest, entered its eighth year of operation in 2005-2006. It received a $502,000 contribution from the Canadian Forest Service's Model Forest Program. It was therefore able to develop concrete approaches and solutions to build momentum for the Aboriginal forest industry.

The projects proposed by these communities under the First Nations Forestry Program were evaluated by the Canadian Forest Service, where required, in accordance with the provisions of the Canadian Environmental Assessment Act.

Natural Resources Canada (Canadian Forest Service) Expenditures, 2005-2006
Programs or Activities in Northern Quebec Cree Inuit Naskapi Total
First Nations Forestry Program 53,000 — — 53,000
Canada's Model Forest Program 502,000 — — 502,000
Total 555,000 — — 555,000

Canadian Centre for Cadastral Management– Quebec Client Liaison Unit

The Earth Sciences Sector of the Department of Natural Resources Canada is active in the territory covered by the JBNQA and the NEQA through the Quebec Client Liaison Unit (QCLU) of the Canada Centre for Cadastral Management.

The QCLU's involvement with Aboriginal communities in the region consists primarily in managing survey contracts, aerial photography, photogrammetric control, cartography and colour orthophotography. The QCLU also produces descriptions of the extent and location of land interests requiring registration on Cree and Naskapi lands.

The QCLU regularly provides professional advice to parties with an interest in Cree and Naskapi lands. It supports local registrars and the Central Registrar in preparing documents and registering rights and interests on Category 1-A lands.

More specifically, in 2005-2006, the QCLU prepared 32 parcel plans of land interests for registration on Cree and Naskapi lands. The QCLU also updated registration plans for each Cree and Naskapi community.

Under the 2005-2006 cartography program, 1:8000 scale aerial photographs were taken of the community of Kawawachikamach. New map sheets were produced for Chisasibi, Eastmain, Nemiscau, Waskaganish and Wemindji, and new orthophotographs were developed from photographs taken the previous year. Using these new map sheets, new versions of land interest illustrations were created for these communities. Over the year, a QCLU team also performed photogrammetric control of the Chisasibi territory and inspected the boundaries of Category 1-A lands in Mistissini and Chisasibi.

The QCLU continues to participate in various active files, such as the creation of Oujé-Bougoumou, land alteration in Mistassini, the addition of Block D to Chisasibi and the creation of a computer registry.

Geomatics Canada

The Land Sciences Sector of Natural Resources Canada was active in the territory covered by the JBNQA and the NEQA through the GeoConnections Program. GeoConnections helps decision-makers use georeferenced (or geospatial) data available on line, such as maps and satellite images, to tackle some of Canada's most pressing challenges. The program focuses on working with partners in public health, public safety and security, the environment and sustainable development, Aboriginal matters and geomatics technological development.

Justice Canada

The Naskapi Nation of Kawawachikamach has entered into a contribution agreement with the Department of Justice Canada to manage the Community-based Justice Program. Kawawachikamach will continue to implement the project through the Naskapi Justice Healing Committee. This project will establish and maintain good collaboration with Band Council, Police, Social Services, Court and other local resources. It will offer culturally adapted alternatives to offenders and victims as a diversion from the regular judicial interventions. This project will also sensitize the population to the sources and impacts of unresolved conflicts in the community, ways to prevent them and to the possible contribution of the Naskapi Justice Healing Committee.

The Cree Nation of Mistissini has entered into a contribution agreement with the Department of Justice Canada to manage the Community Justice Panel Program. The Community Justice Panel Program delivers diversion and alternative measures to the Cree Nation of Mistissini. The program offers to youth of the community mediation of disputes before they escalate into offences, extrajudicial measures, community sentencing, and supervision of court-ordered community service.

The Crees of the Waskaganish First Nations have entered into a contribution agreement with the Department of Justice Canada to manage the Waskaganish Restorative Justice Program. The Waskaganish Restorative Justice Program delivers diversion and alternative justice measures to the Crees of Waskaganish. The program objectives are to establish a permanent Justice Committee to meet the needs of the Cree people of Waskaganish; to develop strong partnership with community members, community agencies, local police, Sûreté du Québec, Crown and defence attorneys, Judges, probation officers, court workers and social services; and to sensitize the community to the importance of participatory justice and conflict resolution.

Justice Canada has also provided funding for the Cree, Inuit and Naskapi under the Native Paralegal Assistance Program. This program promotes access to justice by helping Aboriginals in conflict with the justice system to obtain fair and equitable treatment that takes their cultural realities into account.

Justice Canada Expenditures, 2005-2006
Programs or Activities Cree Inuit Naskapi Total
Aboriginal Justice Strategy 56,550 — 28,275 84,825
Native Paralegal Assistance Program 111,191 81,782 15,633 208,606
Total 167,741 81,782 43,908 293,431

Canadian Food Inspection Agency

The Rabies Program is the only activity in which the Canadian Food Inspection Agency is involved in Northern Quebec. The Mirabel District Office implements the Animal Health Program in this region of Quebec. District veterinarians train the region's residents to take samples from dead specimens suspected of having contracted rabies, and have them analyzed in a CFIA laboratory. From April 1, 2004 to March 31, 2008, approximately nine specimens were shipped to Agency laboratories.

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Annual Report 2006-2007

Summary of Federal Government Expenditures ($),* 2002-2007

  2002-2003 2003-2004 2004-2005 2005-2006 2006-2007
Indian and Northern Affairs Canada 186,922,943 195,281,734 211,549,375 223,461,316 232,577,110
Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation 41,804,276 41,797,000 41,823,800 44,110,970 46,015,370
Human Resources Development Canada 17,814,683 19,991,595 22,302,362 25,239,020 26,119,198
Health Canada 12,235,769 12,371,131 12,952,189 13,657,028 14,853,020
Transport Canada 6,525,725 10,649,719 8,727,309 10,598,340 25,115,010
Public Safety and Civil Protection Canada (Solicitor General Canada) 8,156,973 8,968,900 9,444,505 10,454,002 10,712,421
National Defence 3,160,000 3,411,000 3,746,000 4,100,200 4,358,982
Canadian Heritage 1,828,962 2,022,150 2,070,751 2,022,150 2,070,751
Canada Economic Development 2,717,629 2,688,587 1,278,735 1,050,782 870,057
Industry Canada 1,085,870 895,221 707,194 774,635 539,767
Fisheries and Oceans Canada 877,000 810,000 788,000 748,400 967,650
Environment Canada** 850,837 655,063 769,122 980,519 3,165,248
Natural Resources Canada/Canadian Forest Service 430,550 594,403 547,700 555,000 582,500
Justice Canada 459,533 208,874 225,233 243,431 291,556
Total 284,870,750 300,345,377 316,932,275 337,995,793 368,238,640

FEDERAL EXPENDITURES BETWEEN 2002 AND 2007: 1,608,382,835

* Figures provided by each department.
** Including the expenditures of the Canadian Environmental Agency.

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Activities and Expenditures of Federal Departments and Agencies, 2006-2007

Indian and Northern Affairs Canada

In 2006-2007, Indian and Northern Affairs Canada (INAC) allocated $232,577,110 to Cree, Inuit and Naskapi communities and organizations under the James Bay and Northern Quebec Agreement (JBNQA) and the Northeastern Quebec Agreement (NEQA).

Population

As of June 30, 2007, the agreements covered 26,624 beneficiaries, including 15,442 Cree, 10,509 Inuit and 673 Naskapi.

Education

The Department allocated $111,241,402 for education expenditures on the following programs and activities:

Capital, Operations and Maintenance

In 2006-2007, INAC allocated $105,146,966 to capital, operations and maintenance and various infrastructure-related projects in Cree, Inuit and Naskapi communities. Expenditures allocation by beneficiary groups is the following:

Cree

INAC allocated $15,553,000 in capital works grants as well as $58,817,880 for operations and maintenance of communities.

As part of the First Nations Water Management Strategy aimed at providing communities with safe drinking water, INAC allocated $750,000 to the Mistissini Nation to install a pumping station and a water distribution system. It also allocated $1,267,500 to the Cree Regional Authority (CRA) for the completion of a series of projects, including the following:
– $932,300 to install a new water pipe in Mistissini; and
– $335,200 to train water and wastewater treatment system operators.

As part of the Housing Initiative, INAC made a $50,000 immediate investment to address mould issues in the community of Eastmain. It also gave the CRA $3,859,000, which was used to make immediate housing improvements ($700,000), finance lot servicing ($3,125,000) and cover operating and maintenance expenses for community infrastructure ($34,000).

Lastly, the Department allocated $318,500 to the Waskaganish Nation to train power grid operators and for vehicle maintenance.

Inuit

INAC provided $17,893,260 to the Makivik Corporation which was invested as follows:
– $57,500 in annual funding to the community of Chisasibi under the Inuit Housing Agreement (1996-2006), to address the housing needs of the area's Inuit population;
– $12,835,760 to build housing in Nunavik; and
– $5 million for the Northern Quebec Marine Infrastructure Program.

Naskapi

The Department provided $6,637,826 for the following activities and projects:

– capital grants ($1,419,600);
– operating and maintenance expenses ($4,768,226); and
– development of 17 lots and hook-up to the public system ($450,000) as part of the Housing Initiative.

Electricity

In 2006-2007, INAC allocated $2,086,910 to Waskaganish for electricity.

Social Development

The Mistissini, Waswanipi and Kawawachikamach Nations receive social assistance services directly from the Department. These services are provided by the Government of Quebec in the remaining JBNQA communities. In 2006-2007, the federal government allocated $1,875,010 to the Cree and $881,200 to the Naskapi to stimulate social development. The funding provided breaks down as follows:

Programs or Activities Mistissini Waswanipi Kawawachikamach Total
Service Delivery 95,480 55,300 41,700 192,480
Basic Needs 600,000 762,530 635,000 1,997,530
Special Needs 10,000 28,500 20,000 58,500
Social Assistance, Employment and Training — 65,000 65,000 130,000
National Child
Benefit		 135,600 122,600 119,500 377,700
Total 841,080 1,033,930 881,200 2,756,210

The Government of Canada also participates in social development by funding initiatives that are designed to improve health and quality of life in communities through the National Strategy for the Integration of Persons with Disabilities (NSIPD) and the Federal Family Violence Initiative (FVI). It allocated $370,627 to communities in 2006-2007 as follows:

Programs or Activities Cree Inuit Naskapi Total
NSIPD 21,346 25,744 1,764 48,854
FVI 140,938 169,200 11,635 321,773
Total 162,284 194,944 13,399 370,627

Economic and Community Development

INAC is committed to the economic development of Aboriginal communities and therefore supports Community Economic Development Organizations and other sectoral organizations. In exchange, these organizations provide technical and financial assistance for various economic development projects. In 2006-2007, the Department provided:

Cree Inuit Naskapi Total
1,550,691 870,441 57,400 2,478,532

Funding allocated to the Cree included $513,714 for the Cree Trappers' Association, $321,815 for the Cree Outfitting and Tourism Association and $340,937 for the Cree Regional Authority to support the Cree for the promotion of arts and crafts activities.

The Department also provided the following additional funds for other economic development projects: Tawich Development Corporation ($90,539), Wabannutao Eeyou Development Corporation ($53,544), Nemaska Development Corporation ($52,548), Waswanipi Development Corporation ($94,774), Oujé-Bougoumou Eenuch Association ($52,112) and ($50,000) to the Cree Nation of Washaw Sibi Eeyou.

Funding allocated to the Inuit included $550,753 for the Kativik Regional Government and $319,688 for Ilivvik Inc.

The $57,400 allocated to the Naskapi corresponds to the base amount for economic development.

Environment

During 2006-2007, the Oujé-Bougoumou Eenuch Association received $77,670 for an environmental impact assessment.

Indian Registration

The Department and the Cree and Naskapi communities are responsible for Indian registration. INAC provided $117,077 to both communities to help them maintain the Indian Register: $112,013 to the Cree and $5,064 to the Naskapi.

Cree-Naskapi Land Registry

In 2006-2007, the Central Registrar continued to provide training to the Cree and Naskapi communities on an ad hoc basis, by going into the communities to help local registrars establish local registry offices.

In 2006, the Central Registrar submitted a project charter for a computerized registry to INAC authorities. This project is still on-going.

In 2007, the firm Intelect Géomatique was given a mandate to examine the desirability of integrating the Cree and Naskapi Register into the Indian Lands Registry System. The final product is expected by the end of 2008.

Evacuation of Disaster Victims

NAC provides financial assistance for the evacuation of victims of forest fires and the restoration of areas destroyed by forest fires. Cree communities received $460,004 in 2006-2007.

Mistissini (June 2006) 310,000
Oujé-Bougoumou (June 2006) 150,004
Total 460,004

Gathering Strength: Canada's Aboriginal Action Plan

As part of Gathering Strength, the Department made a meaningful contribution to various projects conducted in Cree, Inuit and Naskapi communities in 2006-2007.

Other Financial Assistance

– The Cree Regional Authority received $1 million to support negotiations.
– $5,000 was given the Cree Regional Authority to hold a youth forum as part of the Aboriginal Workforce Participation Initiative.
– The Makivik Corporation received $99,567 to carry out various projects undertaken during International Polar Year.
– It also received $15,050 to conduct a study on the Inuit in Montreal and hold National Aboriginal Day activities.
– Lastly, it was awarded an additional $68,720 to undertake a study on lake ice and snow depth in the main lake trout winter grounds.

Cree-Naskapi Commission

During 2006-2007, INAC provided $710,578 to the Cree-Naskapi Commission to fund its activities regarding the implementation of the Cree-Naskapi (of Quebec) Act.

Indian and Northern Affairs Canada Expenditures, 2006-2007
Programs or Activities Cree Inuit Naskapi Total
Education Education Services 72,924,859 20,608,978 2,899,025 96,432,862
  School Infrastructure 11,906,504 1,118,055 531,643 13,556,202
  Youth Employment Strategy 794,754 — 34,393 829,147
  Cultural Centres 210,399 212,792 — 423,191
    85,836,516 21,939,825 3,465,061 111,241,402
           
Capital, Operations and Maintenance   80,615,880 17,893,260 6,637,826 105,146,966
Electricity Waskaganish   2,086,910 — — 2,086,910
Social Development Social Assistance 1,875,010 — 881,200 2,756,210
  NSIPD-FVI Programs 162,284 194,944 13,399 370,627
    2,037,294 194,944 894,599 3,126,837
           
Economic and Community Development   1,550,691 870,441 57,400 2,478,532
Environment   77,670 — — 77,670
Indian Registration   112,013 — 5,064 117,077
Evacuation of Disaster Victims   460,004 — — 460,004
Gathering Strength        
  New Paths for Education 1,266,612 948,943 79,136 2,294,691
  Water and Sewer Initiatives 110,000 — 600,000 1,710,000
  Professional Development 42,500 54,750 20,801 118,051
  Economic Development Opportunity Fund 6,355 235,000 — 241,355
  Self-government Negotiations — 1,578,700 — 1,578,700
    2,425,467 2,817,393 699,937 5,942,797
           
Other Financial Assistance   1,005,000 183,337 — 1,188,337
Subtotal   176,207,445 43,899,200 11,759,887 231,866,532
           
Cree-Naskapi Commission   — — — 710,578
Total         232,577,110

Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation

Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation (CMHC) programs are offered to the Inuit through the Société d'habitation du Québec, under federal-provincial cost-sharing agreements. The Société d'habitation du Québec delivers and manages those programs.

The Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation supports nine Cree communities and the Naskapi community through a social housing program under section 95 of the National Housing Act. As such, it grants monthly subsidies to First Nations councils to enable them to provide affordable housing to individuals and families in need. It also provides low-income households with financial assistance for renovations under the Residential Rehabilitation Assistance Program. Lastly, the CMHC dedicates, when requested, human and financial resources to First Nations skills development in order to help communities better manage their housing stock and keep it in good condition.

In Budget 2005, the federal government allocated $295 million for the construction of some 4,400 on-reserve social housing units in Canada in 2005-2006 and 2006-2007.

The Cree and the Naskapi communities in Quebec benefited greatly from this initiative. In addition to continuing investment, including 26 housing units for the Cree communities and 3 for the Naskapi community, 64 new housing units were built in Cree communities and 2 in Naskapi community, due to the special initiative in 2006-2007. In total, 95 new housing units were built in the Cree and Naskapi communities during this two-year initiative.

  Cree Inuit Naskapi Total
Federal Subsidies 1,550,691 870,441 57,400 2,478,532
Subsidized Housing 2,070 1,977 14,5  

Human Resources and Skills Development Canada

Phase 2 of the Aboriginal Human Resources Development Strategy was launched on April 1, 2005 and will end on March 31, 2009. This strategy's objective is to enable Quebec Aboriginal organizations signatory to an Aboriginal Human Resources Development Agreement to continue to administer employment programs for which they were given responsibility.

The agreement reached in October 2001 with the Cree Regional Authority is entering its last year. The CRA has invested $5 million in territorial programs in order to support forestry and mining, construction and tourism training, as well as training in other key sectors. The Cree received a total of $13,952,471 under this agreement.

Pursuant to the agreement reached with the Kativik Regional Government, the Inuit received $2,300,000 in 2006-2007 to administer various programs and services, $3,320,000 to manage territorial programs and $6,105,765 for employability training and development

Lastly, the Naskapi received $440,962 in 2006-2007 under an agreement signed with the Assembly of First Nations of Quebec and Labrador.

Human Resources and Skills Development Canada
Expenditures, 2006-2007
Programs or Activities Cree Inuit Naskapi Total
Employment Programs Treasury Funds 2,743,967 2,335,028 203,271 5,282,266
Employment Insurance Funds 1,387,635 1,270,079 109,996 2,767,710
Programs for the Disabled 59,338 50,190 — 109,528
Inuit and First Nations Child Care Initiative 1,629,287 1,390,775 88,359 3,108,421
Youth Initiatives 391,963 983,331 39,336 1,414,630
Organizational Skills 90,281 76,362 — 166,643
Territorial Programs 5,000,000 3,320,000 — 8,320,000
Administration 2,650,000 2,300,000 — 4,950,000
Total 13,952,471 11,725,765 440,962 26,119,198

Health Canada

Health Canada's Quebec Region First Nations and Inuit Health Branch provides effective, cost-efficient and viable health care programs and services with a view to strategically improving First Nations and Inuit health circumstances. In 2006-2007, it invested $14,853,020 in a range of programs for Cree, Inuit and Naskapi communities.

Funding was used to introduce children and youth, mental health, addictions treatment, chronic disease and disease prevention programs and services, which support and enhance those provided by community health authorities.

Aboriginal Head Start on Reserve Program

The Aboriginal Head Start on Reserve Program is designed to prepare young First Nations children for their first year of school by supporting their spiritual, emotional, intellectual and physical growth. As part of this program, the First Nations and Inuit Health Branch provided support to the Cree and Naskapi by contributing to various activities carried out in the communities, while the Public Health Agency of Canada funded activities in Inuit communities.

First Nations and Inuit Home and Community Care Program

The First Nations and Inuit Home and Community Care Program continued to provide high-quality services to the chronically ill, the disabled and seniors in conjunction with other programs.

Building Healthy Communities (Mental Health Crisis Management Program)

Building Healthy Communities (Mental Health Crisis Management Program) gave some stakeholders an opportunity to take training on suicide intervention skills, which will enable them to further examine this growing epidemic in communities.

Indian Residential Schools Resolution Health Support Program

The Indian Residential Schools Resolution Health Support Program provided mental health, transportation and emotional and cultural support services to eligible individuals who attended Indian Residential Schools.

Aboriginal Diabetes Initiative

This year, activities put forward under the Aboriginal Diabetes Initiative again focused on promoting healthy eating and reminding the population of the importance of making physical activity part of their daily lives. Funding was also received to purchase physical activity equipment. Diabetes walks have become increasingly popular over the years, as indicated by the increased level of community participation.

National Strategy for Tobacco Control

Similarly, various projects were undertaken in Cree and Inuit communities under the National Strategy for Tobacco Control, including the Quit and Win (Défi J'arrête, j'y gagne) promotional campaign.

Non-insured Health Benefits Program

The Non-insured Health Benefits Program was provided to all off-reserve Cree, Inuit and Naskapi. This program provides eligible individuals with a limited range of medical products and services, such as dental care, vision care, medical transportation, prescription medication, a selection of over-the-counter medication, some medical equipment and supplies, mental health assessment services, treatment and referral to a qualified specialist for short-term crisis intervention.

Canada Prenatal Nutrition Program

In addition, the Canada Prenatal Nutrition Program supported the development of prevention and promotion activities designed to improve the nutritional health of expectant mothers before birth and during breast-feeding. Other activities were also carried out in order to provide Inuit and First Nations women with information on nutrition and other available resources.

Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder Program

As part of the Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder (FASD) Program, an awareness and education campaign was undertaken and training was given to front-line health care workers and professionals. Cree communities also formed a multi-disciplinary team responsible for coordinating services and support provided to parents and families of children with FASD.

Brighter Futures Program

The Brighter Futures Program continued to encourage community stakeholders to take part in other community programs in order to promote the well-being of children, by organizing extracurricular activities or by seeing to their safety during the summer months.

National Native Alcohol and Drug Abuse Program

Furthermore, the National Native Alcohol and Drug Abuse Program informed communities on the effects of alcohol and drug abuse and provided adult clients of addiction rehabilitation centres with pre- and post-treatment services.

Youth Solvent Abuse Program

The Cree, Inuit and Naskapi continued to benefit form the Youth Solvent Abuse Program. Specifically, Inuit communities restructured programs and services in collaboration with the Nunavik Regional Board of Health and Social Services.

Aboriginal Health Human Resources Initiative

The Aboriginal Health Human Resources Initiative promotes the development and adoption of strategies designed to bring the number of Aboriginal health care providers up to an acceptable level. To this end, the Inuit communities concluded an agreement with the Kativik School Board. In addition, stakeholders visited 14 Inuit communities in order to inform high school students about different health career options for them.

National Aboriginal Youth Suicide Prevention Strategy

In 2006-2007, the First Nations and Inuit Health Branch supported the implementation of the National Aboriginal Youth Suicide Prevention Strategy. In the Cree and Naskapi communities, funding made it possible to hold consultations and draw up an inventory of community resources, while the Inuit communities used the funding to plan and implement a 2005-2010 action plan that includes suicide prevention training and awareness activities.

First Nations and Inuit Health Branch
(Health Canada) Expenditures, 2006-2007
Programs or Activities Cree Inuit Naskapi Total
Aboriginal Head Start on Reserve Program 1,780,448 — — 1,780,448
First Nations and Inuit Home and Community Care Program 2,308,712 1,874,804 123,791 4,307,307
Building Healthy Communities (Mental Health Crisis Management Program) 831,544 773,623 50,087 1,655,254
Indian Residential Schools Resolution Health Support Program 48,800 — — 48,800
Aboriginal Diabetes Initiative 206,372 241,835 12,600 460,807
National Strategy for Tobacco Control 108,500 108,500 — 217,000
Non-insured Health Benefits Program 927,863 320,896 5,574 1,254,333
Canada Prenatal Nutrition Program 283,997 263,166 17,271 564,434
Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder Program 237,438 263,814 11,941 513,193
Brighter Futures Program 1,092,975 1,025,218 66,143 2,184,336
National Native Alcohol and Drug Abuse Program 518,417 776,832 54,282 1,349,531
Youth Solvent Abuse Program 113,543 137,787 9,669 260,999
Aboriginal Health Human Resources Initiative — 19,248 — 19,248
National Aboriginal Youth Suicide Prevention Strategy 62,940 167,390 7,000 237,330
Total 8,521,549 5,973,113 358,358 14,853,020

Transport Canada

Transport Canada allocated $25,115,010 to Cree, Inuit and Naskapi communities through its various programs in 2006-2007. Approximately half of these expenditures were for the construction of the Kuujjuaq Air Terminal.

Transport Canada invested in air and marine infrastructure, the two most common modes of transportation in the region that are subject to both agreements. Infrastructure that received departmental funding is concentrated in Cree and Inuit communities. The table shows the Department's expenditures by program or activity.

Cree

Transport Canada allocated $201,384 to the Eastmain Nation, $195,790 to the Waskaganish Nation and $188,182 to the Wemindji Nation in order to meet maintenance contract obligations. These three communities also received the following amounts from the Department:

– $848,237 to purchase heavy equipment and pave the Eastmain Airport access road;
– $329,598 to purchase heavy equipment at the Waskaganish Air Terminal; and
– $184,420 for various improvements to the Wemindji Airport.

The Department also covered some operating and maintenance expenses incurred by three airports located in remote areas:

– $54,979 for the Waskaganish Airport; and
– $4,900 for the Wemindji Airport.

Lastly, Cree communities received $2,016,777 to continue soil decontamination in Nitchequon.

Inuit

Transport Canada provided $960,000 to the Kativik Regional Government for management of the Kuujjuaq Airport. It also allocated $8,475,541 to finance the construction of a new air terminal, the purchase of equipment and the redevelopment of the Kuujjuaq Air Terminal.

Under the Airports Capital Assistance Program [Note 2], $1,773,928 was invested to improve security at the Aupaluk, Kangirsuk, Akulivik, Inukjuak and Tasiujaq Airports.

In addition, the Department allocated $516,810 to Inuit communities to decontaminate soil in Kuujjuaq in order to ensure compliance with environmental standards.

During the 2006-2007 fiscal year, the Makivik Corporation received $1 million to improve marine infrastructure in accordance with the Northern Quebec Marine Infrastructure Agreement reached with Indian and Northern Affairs Canada. This ten-year agreement ended on March 31, 2007.

Lastly, Transport Canada committed $139,750 for the Marine Security Inspection and Training Program delivered in Inuit communities.

Naskapi

The Schefferville Airport Corporation received $186,074 to manage the local airport. The Department also invested $38,640 in other airport infrastructure improvements.

Transport Canada also provided these communities with aircraft and ship security, support and inspection services.

In 2006-2007, Tshiuetin Rail Transportation received $8 million in operating funds so that it could maintain passenger rail service between Schefferville and Sept-Îles. Tshiuetin Rail Transportation has thus become the first First Nations company to operate a railway in Canada. The Naskapi Nation of Kawawachikamach is in partnership with the communities of Matimekush-Lac John and Uashat Mak Mani-Utenam in this venture.

Transport Canada Expenditures, 2006-2007
Programs or Activities Cree Inuit Naskapi Total
Air Transport
Airport Management — 960,000 186,074 1,146,074
Capital, Operations and Maintenance 2,007,490 8,475,541 38,640 10,521,671
Airports Capital Assistance Program — 1,773,928 — 1,773,928
Compliance with Environmental Standards 2,016,777 516,810 — 2,533,587
Total 4,024,267 11,726,279 224,714 15,975,260
Marine Transport
Improvement of Marine infrastructure in Northern Quebec — 1,000,000 — 1,000,000
Marine Safety Inspection and Training — 139,750 — 139,750
Total — 1,139,750 — 1,139,750
Rail Transport
Operating Capital — — 8,000,000 8,000,000
Total — — 8,000,000 8,000,000
Grand total 4,024,267 12,866,029 8,224,714 25,115,010

Public Safety and Emergency Preparedness Canada (formerly Solicitor General Canada)

Aboriginal Policing Directorate

Cree

While awaiting approval of the wording of section 19 and the proposed amendments to the Quebec Police Act, Public Safety and Emergency Preparedness Canada pursued its negotiations with the Cree and the Government of Quebec concerning police services funding. As provided in the two interim agreements, the Cree received a total annual contribution of $9,426,320 in 2006-2007: 52% from the Government of Canada and 48% from the Government of Quebec. The federal contribution was allocated in accordance with the terms and conditions set out in the First Nations Policing Program. This funding allows at least 70 police officers to patrol Cree communities.

Inuit

During the 2006-2007 fiscal years, Public Safety and Emergency Preparedness Canada contributed its 52% each year as negotiated in the tripartite funding and police service agreement, in the total amount of $10,015,532 in 2006-2007.

Naskapi

The Government of Canada allocated $295,360 in 2006-2007, as agreed in the police service agreement reached with the Naskapi (the annual federal and provincial government budget was estimated at $568,000 in 2006-2007). These contributions were allocated in accordance with the terms and conditions set out in the First Nations Policing Program. Although the agreement between the Naskapi, the Government of Canada and the Government of Quebec ended in 2000, 48% of the total annual budget for police services is supplied by the Government of Quebec, not including the federal contribution payable under the First Nations Policing Program.

Correctional Service of Canada

In 2006-2007, Correctional Service of Canada continued to provide Aboriginal liaison services in all institutions under its jurisdiction, and paid $71,810 on behalf of the Cree, Inuit and Naskapi to Native Para-judicial Services of Quebec. This organization is responsible for assisting and counselling Aboriginal offenders in federal penitentiaries to facilitate their safe return to the community.

In addition, $105,556 went to various correctional programs tailored to the needs of Aboriginal offenders, primarily in the areas of drug addiction, family violence and sex offences.

Lastly, under sections 81 and 84 of the Corrections and Conditional Release Act, $129,932 was allocated to accommodate, supervise and treat offenders on parole in halfway houses.

Between April 1, 2006 and March 31, 2007, the Correctional Service of Canada contributed $307,298 to meet the needs of the Cree, Inuit and Naskapi.

Public Safety and Emergency Preparedness Canada
Expenditures, 2006-2007
Programs or Activities Cree Inuit Naskapi Total
Aboriginal Policing Directorate 4,901,686 5,208,077 295,360 10,405,123
Correctional Service of Canada
Native Para-judicial Services of Quebec 20,040 51,770 — 71,810
Various correctional programs adapted to the needs of Aboriginal offenders 15,504 90,052 — 105,556
Accommodation, supervision and treatment in halfway houses 35,436 94,496 — 129,932
Subtotal 70,980 236,318 — 307,298
Total 4,972,666 5,444,395 295,360 10,712,421

National Defence

Land Force Quebec Area is responsible for carrying out the Canadian Rangers and Junior Canadian Rangers programs in its area of responsibility, i.e., the province of Quebec. National Defence allocated $4,358,982 to these programs in the 2006-2007 fiscal year.

The Canadian Rangers are volunteers between the ages of 18 and 65 who provide a military presence in remote and isolated communities in Canada, respond to requests for assistance and, if needed, provide support to the Canadian Forces during large-scale exercises. The Land Force Quebec Area is responsible for 23 Ranger patrols with a complement of 598 Canadian Rangers. On the territory covered by both agreements, LFQA has 17 Canadian Ranger patrols with 436 members, 328 of them Inuit, 100 Cree and Naskapi and 8 non-aboriginals.

National Defence also manages the Junior Canadian Rangers program, a program of activities offered free of charge to young people between 12 and 18. In its area of responsibility, the Land Force Quebec Area has 30 Junior Canadian Ranger patrols comprising 817 members, 408 of them Inuit, 245 Cree and Naskapi and 164 non-aboriginals. Within 2 Canadian Ranger Patrol Group, young people of all ethnic backgrounds (non-Aboriginal, Inuit, Cree, Naskapi and Montagnais) have had the opportunity to participate in advanced training at Camp Okpiapik in Kangiqsuallujjuaq.

Canadian Heritage

The Aboriginal Peoples' Program of the Department of Canadian Heritage supports the full participation and cultural revitalization of Aboriginal peoples in Canadian Society. It enables them to address the social, cultural, economic and political issues affecting their lives. The Aboriginal Peoples' Program supports Aboriginal organizations, Aboriginal communities and Aboriginal languages and cultures.

The Aboriginal Peoples' Program supports a wide range of activities in Northern Quebec, particularly Aboriginal communication networks, friendship centres, protection of Aboriginal languages and cultures, support for Aboriginal organizations, and initiatives to improve conditions for Aboriginal women.

Funding was also provided for the new Urban Multipurpose Aboriginal Youth Centres, which create a network of urban, multipurpose Aboriginal youth programming. The programming provides accessible, Aboriginal community-based, culturally relevant and supportive projects, programs, services and counselling to urban Aboriginal youth, and will facilitate their participation in other programs in order to improve their economic, social and personal prospects.

During 2006-2007, Department of Canadian Heritage provided support amounting to $2,070,751 to Aboriginal communities in Northern Quebec.

Canadian Heritage Expenditures, 2006-2007
  Total
Northern Native Broadcast Access Program
James Bay Cree Communications Society 292,000
Taqramiut Nipingat Incorporated (TNI) 907,317
Aboriginal Representative Organizations Program
Makivik Corporation 201,645
Native Friendship Centre Program
Senneterre Native Friendship Centre Inc.* 114,158
Val-d'Or Native Friendship Centre Inc.* 171,237
Cree Indian Friendship Centre of Chibougamou 142,697
Urban Multipurpose Aboriginal Youth Centres
Senneterre Native Friendship Centre Inc.* 68,020
Val-d'Or Native Friendship Centre Inc.* 94,628
Cree Indian Friendship Centre of Chibougamou 79,049
Total 2,070,751

* The services provided by these Native Friendship Centres are not restricted exclusively to the beneficiaries of the agreements.

Canada Economic Development

Cree

In 2006-2007, Canada Economic Development renewed the agreement reached with Community Futures Development Corporations for another four years, until 2010. As a result of this renewal, funding allocated by the Department will increase by about $100,000 annually. More than 90% of expenditures for the Cree was for the Eeyou Economic Group, a Cree Community Futures Development Corporation.

Inuit

In 2006-2007, Canada Economic Development renewed the agreement reached with Community Futures Development Corporations for another four years, until 2010. As a result of this renewal, funding allocated by the Department will increase by about $100,000 annually. More than 90% of expenditures for the Inuit was for the Nunavik Investment Corporation, an Inuit Community Futures Development Corporation.

Canada Economic Development
Expenditures, 2006-2007
Programs or Activities Cree Inuit Naskapi Total
Idea-SME 9,375 2,250 — 11,625
Strategic Regional Initiatives 44,150 52,009 — 96,159
Community Futures Program 398,000 364,273 — 762,273
Total 451,525 418,532 870,057 1,050,782

Industry Canada

Through the Aboriginal Business Canada program, Industry Canada supported several commercial activities and economic development projects in Cree, Inuit and Naskapi communities.

The funds invested helped finance business-related projects, especially in creating new Aboriginal businesses, promoting the expansion of existing businesses and developing business and marketing plans.

Industry Canada Expenditures, 2006-2007
Programs or Activities Cree Inuit Naskapi Total
Aboriginal Business Canada 217,127 322,640 — 539,767

Fisheries and Oceans Canada

The Quebec Regional Office of Fisheries and Oceans Canadamanages research and development programs in Northern Quebec. More specifically, the Regional Fisheries and Aquaculture Management Branch participates in the hunting, fishing and trapping regime, as provided in section 24 of the James Bay and Northern Quebec Agreement. In cooperation with Indian and Northern Affairs Canada, Environment Canada and the Canadian Environmental Assessment Agency, the Oceans, Habitat and Species at Risk Branch implements the environmental and social protection regime, specified in sections 22 and 23 of the JBNQA, through the James Bay Advisory Committee on the Environment and the Kativik Environmental Advisory Committee.

Fisheries and Oceans Canada is also a co-signatory to an agreement with Transport Canada and Indian and Northern Affairs Canada under which an annual payment of $3 million is made over a 10-year period for the construction of marine infrastructure in the 14 Inuit communities in Nunavik in order to increase the capacity and safety of navigation. The objective is to develop economic ties between the communities and with outside regions.

Aboriginal Fisheries Division – Fisheries Management

Fisheries and Oceans Canada has been implementing the Aboriginal Fisheries Strategy since 2003-2004. Execution of the three-year Beluga Management Plan for Nunavik and adjacent waters (2006-2008) continued with the 14 Nunavik Inuit communities, the Hunting, Fishing and Trapping Association of Nunavik, the Makivik Corporation and the Kativik Regional Government. The Department also entered into a cooperation agreement with the Kativik Regional Government to better coordinate the work and observation patrols of eight Inuit fisheries wardens and to create a working relationship with a multidisciplinary officer employed by the Department in Inukjuak. The agreement also provides for the seasonal hiring of community officers in the 14 Inuit communities. They are responsible for compiling statistical data on the beluga catch.

Regional Science Branch

From 2005 to 2007, the scientific activities conducted by the Regional Science Branch in the Canadian North were a continuation of work in progress. These research projects are often conducted in cooperation with the Central and Arctic Regional Office of Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Inuit organizations and universities, including the Nunavik Research Centre. A number of projects have been carried out over the years, including:

– Sampling and genetic analysis of Hudson Bay belugas;
– Scientific training of two Inuit at the Institut Maurice-Lamontagne (analysis of fatty acids and beluga age dating);
– Consultations with Nunavik communities and support for beluga management planning in the region;
– Placing of satellite transmitters to monitor beluga movement; and
– Observation of oceanic conditions in Hudson Bay and Hudson Strait.

Oceans and Habitat Branch

In 2006-2007, the Regional Oceans and Habitat Branch in Northern Canada focused on activities associated with a review of the Eastmain-1A and Rupert Diversion project, projects under the Nunavik Marine Infrastructure Program, the dock expansion project in Deception Bay and the expansion project for a Nickel mine in this sector.

Efforts aimed at harmonizing the various processes (Canadian Environmental Assessment Act and the James Bay and Northern Quebec Agreement) continued and a representative of the Regional Oceans and Habitat Branch continued to sit on COFEX-N.

The Branch also continued to participate in the activities of the James Bay Advisory Committee on the Environment and the Kativik Environmental Advisory Committee.

As part of the Marine Infrastructure Program, the Branch authorized modifications to fish habitat under subsection 35(2) of the Fisheries Act for the Tasiujaq and Inukjuak projects.

The Branch also took part in evaluating the Akulivik and Salluit projects, which included a Fisheries Act analysis, the negotiation of a habitat compensation agreement, site visits and participation in the COFEX-N environmental assessment.

The Branch also continued evaluating the project to enlarge Xstrata Nickel (Falconbridge) mine docking facilities in Deception Bay (Nunavik) and started to analyze an infrastructure construction project for a nickel-copper mine as part of the Nunavik-Nickel Project.

The Branch authorized changes to the fish habitat under subsection 35(2) of the Fisheries Act for the Eastmain-1A and Rupert Diversion project in Cree territory.

Also, the Species at Risk Coordination Office held consultations in the 14 communities of Nunavik on listing Atlantic walrus populations on Schedule 1 of the Species at Risk Act.

Fisheries and Oceans Canada (Quebec Region)
Expenditures, 2006-2007
Programs or Activities Cree Inuit Naskapi Total
Northern Quebec Marine Infrastructure Program — — — —
Regional Fisheries and Aquaculture Management Branch — 937,000* — 937,000
Regional Science Branch — 20,000 — 20,000
Oceans and Habitat Branch 2,500 8,150 — 10,650
Total 2,500 965,150 — 967,650

* $235,000 is under evaluation, given possible budget cuts.

Environment Canada

Participation in Committees

In 2006-2007, Environment Canada continued to participate in implementing the environmental and social protection regime, as well as the hunting, fishing and trapping regime. This responsibility was incumbent on departmental representatives sitting on the James Bay Advisory Committee on the Environment, the Kativik Environmental Advisory Committee and the Hunting, Fishing and Trapping Coordinating Committee. The Department also invested $36,218 in the continued implementation of provisions in both agreements.

Northern Ecosystem Initiative

As part of the Northern Ecosystem Initiative, Environment Canada established a regional steering committee on which the main environmental participants in Northern Quebec were invited to sit. Representatives of Cree, Inuit, Naskapi and Innu Aboriginal organizations answered the call and joined the Committee. The Centre d'études nordiques and the Centre interuniversitaire d'études et de recherches autochtones of Laval University also participate, along with Hydro-Québec, the Société de la faune et des parcs du Québec, Indian and Northern Affairs Canada and Environment Canada. In accordance with the Northern Quebec Environmental Action Plan adopted by the Regional Steering Committee in 2002, the Northern Ecosystem Initiative received $800,000 in funding over four years, at a rate of $200,000 per year, starting in 2004-2005 and ending in 2007-2008. The Committee implemented a multi-year investment plan to fund a series of projects and activities. In 2006-2007, the Aboriginal organizations covered by the agreements sponsored six projects that received total funding amounting to $200,000.

Wildlife and Habitat Management

In 2006-2007, under the Canada/United States Cooperation Agreement forming part of the North American Waterfowl Management Plan, Environment Canada's Wildlife Service prepared inventories of American black duck and Canada geese populations. It also banded Arctic geese and launched a reproduction study to assess the current status of the species and identify factors likely to affect its reproduction rates. The Canadian Wildlife Service contributed $200,000 toward this work. In addition, a further $75,000 was allocated to preparing waterfowl inventories in boreal forests.

The Aboriginal Fund for Species at Risk, which aims to facilitate implementation of the Species at Risk Act, granted the Cree Trappers' Association $35,000 for the second phase of a project to raise awareness within the Cree Nation about the importance of protecting birds of prey at risk in Quebec. In addition, the Cree Trappers' Association of Wemindji was given $40,000 to complete a project entitled "Wemindji Cree Community Traditional Knowledge of Lake Sturgeon and Harlequin Duck". The Makivik Corporation received $19,375 to support Inuit participation in the biological sampling of belugas (Delphinapterus leucas) captured in Hudson Bay.

Environmental Protection

Sometimes, Environment Canada participates in the environmental assessment of projects conducted on territory covered by both agreements, as stipulated in the Canadian Environmental Assessment Act and in the Agreement. Its primary role is to provide, within the limits of its mandate and authority, expert opinions to the authorities responsible for the assessment. The Department's involvement varies according to the scope and complexity of the assessment project. For example, Environment Canada was involved in work by the Joint Review Panel on the Environmental Effects of the Eastmain-1-A Hydroelectric Project and Rupert River Diversion. A brief containing the results of an environmental analysis and a set of recommendations was tabled before the Joint Review Panel by the Department in April 2006.

Canadian Meteorological Service

Environment Canada's Meteorological Service operates a network of eighteen weather stations on the territory covered by both agreements, including three aerology stations and a network of three lightening stations located in La Grande IV , in Wemindji and Kuujjuarapik. It also provides a range of meteorological services such as weather forecasts, warnings and watches, marine forecasts and air weather forecasts for the benefit of Northern residents and visitors. Locally, the Canadian Meteorological Service spent approximately $50,000 on goods and services, uch as heating oil, gasoline and public water supplies, purchased from Northern village and municipal corporations.

Furthermore, a $93,000 agreement was signed with Salisiak Inc. for management of the aerological program at the Kuujjuaq Station. The Canadian Meteorological Service also awarded a $10,000 contract to a local company, Tuitsuligat, for snow removal operations at the Inukjuak Station.

Lastly, a $2,172,000 contract was awarded to the Inuit corporation Rafale O'Nord, which will manage the Aerology Program at the Inukjuak Station.

Canadian Environmental Assessment

Agency Under sections 22 and 23 of the James Bay and Northern Quebec Agreement, the Canadian Environmental Assessment Agency supports the federal administrator and provides advice and administrative support to the various committees established under these two sections.

The Agency's Quebec regional office continued to coordinate environmental assessment processes and share information with the various federal stakeholders active in the territory covered by the Agreement.

Since 1999, Indian and Northern Affairs Canada, Fisheries and Oceans Canada and Transport Canada have been providing funding for the construction of marine infrastructure in a number of Inuit villages. The developer of these projects, the Makivik Corporation, must therefore comply with the requirements of three environmental assessment processes, namely, the federal and provincial processes specified in the Agreement, and the federal process imposed under the Canadian Environmental Assessment Act. Working in collaboration with the relevant federal authorities and the Federal Environmental and Social Impact Review Panel – North (COFEX-N), the Agency's Quebec regional office has developed a coordinating mechanism for the two federal processes. Since 2001, COFEX-N has drafted the preliminary review reports for all marine infrastructure projects, as required by section 17 of the Canadian Environmental Assessment Act.

Since 2003, as a result of an economic partnership agreement between the Government of Quebec and the Inuit, all marine construction must be capable of accommodating small craft (Phase I) and supply boats (Phase II). Phase II will eventually be implemented in municipalities where Phase I has been completed. In 2006, the federal administrator of the Agreement and authorities in charge approved the marine infrastructure projects (Phase I) conducted in Kuujjuaraapik and Akulivik, the dock restoration project in Deception Bay and other proposed changes to the project underway in Salluit pursuant to the Canadian Environmental Assessment Act and the James Bay and Northern Quebec Agreement. In addition, work began on the COFEX-N assessment of marine infrastructure projects (Phase II) in Kangiqsualujjuaq and Quaqtaq and the feasibility of building a dock and air terminal near Deception Bay as part of the Nunavik-Nickel Project, put forth by Canadian Royalties Inc., was examined

At the request of the local administrator, the Federal Environmental and Social Impact Review Panel – South assessed and approved a project to build a glue-laminated wood manufacturing plant proposed by the Mistissini Band Council.

The Agency provided $195,500 from April 1, 2006 to March 31, 2007, to offset maintenance costs and comply with the joint funding agreement reached with the Government of Quebec, the James Bay Advisory Committee on the Environment and the Kativik Environmental Advisory Committee. The Agency also acted as an administrative secretariat for both review panels (North and South) and financed expenses incurred in 2006-2007 by federal representatives on the Assessment Committee and the Selection Committee, two organizations created respectively under sections 22 and 23 of the Agreement.

Environment Canada and Canadian Environmental Assessment Agency Expenditures, 2006-2007
Programs or Activities in Northern Quebec Total
Environment Canada
Participation in Committees 36,218
Northern Ecosystem Initiative 200,000
Wildlife and Habitat Management 369,375
Environmental Protection 5,000
Canadian Meteorological Service 2,325,000
Subtotal 2,935,593
Canadian Environmental Assessment Agency
Operating Costs and Fees 34,155
Contributions 195,500
Subtotal 229,655
Total 3,165,248

Natural Resources Canada

Canadian Forest Service

In 2006-2007, the Canadian Forest Service of Natural Resources Canada continued implementing the First Nations Forestry Program, whose objective is to improve the economic conditions of Aboriginal communities through sustainable forest management techniques. Therefore, it promotes forest management on reserves and encourages forest management capacity, either through the creation of Aboriginal businesses, cooperation between communities or partnerships with the forest industry.

This program is funded jointly by Indian and Northern Affairs Canada and Natural Resources Canada.

In 2006-2007, the Cree communities of Waswanipi and Mistissini received $106,000 to begin activities under the First Nations Forestry Program.

As well, the Waswanipi Mishtuk Corporation received $53,000 for sylviculture projects on a 750-hectare site. The work consisted of checkerboard clear-cutting designed to encourage regeneration and protect the soil, pre-commercial thinning, selective cutting, plantation cleaning, site preparation and pricking out 198,000 seedlings. About ten kilometres of forest road was also constructed. The total value of forest management work in 2006-2007 was almost $555,000.

The Eenatuk Forest Corporation in Mistissini also received a $53,000 contribution from the First Nations Forestry Program. The contribution was used to update the integrated forest resource management plan for the Mistissini Reserve. A forestry foreman was also trained. These two activities entailed expenses of nearly $210,000.

In addition, the Waswanipi Cree Model Forest, Canada's 11th model forest, entered its ninth year of operation in 2006-2007. It received a $476,500 contribution from the Canadian Forest Service's Model Forest Program. It was therefore able to develop concrete approaches and solutions to build momentum for the Aboriginal forest industry. Canada's Model forest Program ended in 2006-2007.

The projects proposed by communities under the First Nations Forestry Program were evaluated by the Canadian Forest Service, where required, in accordance with the provisions of the Canadian Environmental Assessment Act.

Canadian Forest Service (Natural Resources
Canada) Expenditures, 2006-2007
Programs or Activities Cree Inuit Naskapi Total
First Nations Forestry Program 106,000 — — 106,000
Canada's Model Forest Program 476,500 — — 476,500
Total 582,500 — — 582,500

Canadian Centre for Cadastral Management – Quebec Client Liaison Unit

The Earth Sciences Sector of the Department of Natural Resources Canada is active in the territory covered by the JBNQA and the NEQA through the Quebec Client Liaison Unit (QCLU) of the Canada Centre for Cadastral Management.

The QCLU's involvement with Aboriginal communities in the region consists primarily in managing survey contracts, aerial photography, photogrammetric control, cartography and colour orthophotography. The QCLU also produces descriptions of the extent and location of land interests requiring registration on Cree and Naskapi lands.

The QCLU regularly provides professional advice to parties with an interest in Cree and Naskapi lands. It supports local registrars and the Central Registrar in preparing documents and registering rights and interests on Category 1-A lands.

More specifically, in 2006-2007, the QCLU prepared 33 parcel plans of land interests for registration on Cree and Naskapi lands.

The QCLU also updated registration plans for each Cree and Naskapi community.

Under the 2006-2007 cartography program, 1:8000 scale aerial photographs were taken of Whapmagoostui, a map sheet was produced, as was an orthophotograph showing this community's village. The map sheet and orthophotograph of Kawawachikamach were also prepared during the year. A QCLU team visited the community of Whapmagoostui to inspect the boundaries of Category 1-A lands.

The QCLU continues to participate in various actives files, such as the creation of Oujé-Bougoumou, land alteration in Mistassini, the addition of Block D to Chisasibi and the creation of a computerized registry.

Geomatics Canada

The Land Sciences Sector of Natural Resources Canada was active in the territory covered by the JBNQA and the NEQA through the GeoConnections Program. GeoConnections helps decision-makers use georeferenced (or geospatial) data available on line, such as maps and satellite images, to tackle some of Canada's most pressing challenges. The program focuses on working with partners in public health, public safety and security, the environment and sustainable development, Aboriginal matters and geomatics technological development.

In 2006-2007, GeoConnections financially supported the creation of a Cree geospatial portal to facilitate land use and tourism development in Eeyou Istchee. Proposed by the Cree Outfitting and Tourism Association (COTA) and the Cree Trappers' Association (CTA), this project created a user-friendly portal and Web application that deliver georeferenced information to Cree communities. The Cree will use this information for planning, decision making, discussions, and supporting research related to resource management and tourism development. In addition, georeferenced traditional Cree knowledge integrated during this project helped to provide information to users via Internet in an efficient and effective manner.

Justice Canada

The Naskapi Nation of Kawawachikamach has entered into a contribution agreement with the Department of Justice Canada to manage the Community-based Justice Program. Kawawachikamach will continue to implement the project through the Naskapi Justice Healing Committee. This project will establish and maintain good collaboration with Band Council, Police, Social Services, Court and other local resources. It will offer culturally adapted alternatives to offenders and victims as a diversion from the regular judicial interventions. This project will also sensitize the population to the sources and impacts of unresolved conflicts in the community, ways to prevent them and to the possible contribution of the Naskapi Justice Healing Committee.

The Cree Nation of Mistissini has entered into a contribution agreement with the Department of Justice Canada to manage the Community Justice Panel Program. The Community Justice Panel Program delivers diversion and alternative measures to the Cree Nation of Mistissini. The program offers to youth of the community mediation of disputes before they escalate into offences, extrajudicial measures, community sentencing, and supervision of court-ordered community service.

The Crees of the Waskaganish First Nations have entered into a contribution agreement with the Department of Justice Canada to manage the Waskaganish Restorative Justice Program. The Waskaganish Restorative Justice Program delivers diversion and alternative justice measures to the Crees of Waskaganish. The program objectives are to establish a permanent Justice Committee to meet the needs of the Cree people of Waskaganish; to develop strong partnership with community members, community agencies, local police, Sûreté du Québec, Crown and defence attorneys, Judges, probation officers, court workers and social services; and to sensitize the community to the importance of participatory justice and conflict resolution.

Justice Canada has also provided funding for the Cree, Inuit and Naskapi under the Native Paralegal Assistance Program. This program promotes access to justice by helping Aboriginals in conflict with the justice system to obtain fair and equitable treatment that takes their cultural realities into account.

Justice Canada Expenditures, 2006-2007
Programs or Activities Cree Inuit Naskapi Total
Aboriginal Justice Strategy 55,925 — 28,275 84,200
Native Paralegal Assistance Program 112,327 71,821 23,208 207,356
Total 168,252 71,821 51,483 291,556

Canadian Food Inspection Agency

The Rabies Program is the only activity in which the Canadian Food Inspection Agency is involved in Northern Quebec. The Mirabel District Office implements the Animal Health Program in this region of Quebec. District veterinarians train the region's residents to take samples from dead specimens suspected of having contracted rabies, and have them analyzed in a Canadian Food Inspection Agency laboratory. From April 1, 2004 to March 31, 2008, approximately nine specimens were shipped to Agency laboratories.

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Footnotes

  1. Established in 1995 and extended to March 31, 2010, the Airports Capital Assistance Program allows the owners or operators of eligible airports obtain, upon request, financing for capital projects related to safety, asset protection and operating cost reduction. In order to be eligible for funding consideration, an airport must provide year-round, regularly scheduled passenger service, meet Transport Canada airport certification requirements and not be owned by the Government of Canada. (return to source paragraph)
  2. Established in 1995 and extended to March 31, 2010, the Airports Capital Assistance Program allows the owners or operators of eligible airports obtain, upon request, financing for capital projects related to safety, asset protection and operating cost reduction. In order to be eligible for funding consideration, an airport must provide year-round, regularly scheduled passenger service, meet Transport Canada airport certification requirements and not be owned by the Government of Canada. (return to source paragraph)
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