Indigenous peoples and communities

"Indigenous peoples" is a collective name for the original peoples of North America and their descendants. Sometimes the term "Aboriginal peoples" is also used.

The Canadian Constitution recognizes 3 groups of Indigenous peoples: Indians (more commonly referred to as First Nations), Inuit and Métis. These are 3 distinct peoples with unique histories, languages, cultural practices and spiritual beliefs.

More than 1.8 million people in Canada identify themselves as an Indigenous person, according to the 2021 Census, which represents 5% of Canada’s total population.

Indigenous peoples are:

Services and information

First Nations

Find out more about First Nations communities in Canada.

Inuit

Learn about Inuit, the Indigenous people of the Arctic.

Métis

Find out more about Métis communities in Canada.

Indigenous arts, culture and heritage

Learn about the Indigenous arts, culture and heritage that are woven into the fabric of our country.

Map room

Find a map or geospatial dataset about Indigenous communities or the North.

Renewing the relationship: Key documents

Consult the Truth and Reconciliation Commission's report, the Report of the Royal Commission of Aboriginal Peoples, and more.

Governance

Learn about support for strong, effective and sustainable governments in First Nation communities.

Feature stories

Find out more about community-driven projects to improve the lives of Indigenous and Northern individuals, families and communities.

Kumik Elder Lodge

Find out how federal employees in the National Capital Region can learn directly from Indigenous Elders through teachings, guidance and advice.

Related links

Features

Hope for wellness helpline

Available 24 hours a day, 7 days a week. Call 1-855-242-3310 or chat online at hopeforwellness.ca.

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